Address golangci-lint deprecation warnings, enable some more linters (#2152 )

* Address golangci-lint linter deprecation warnings 1.59.0 outputs: WARN [lintersdb] The name "gas" is deprecated. The linter has been renamed to: gosec. WARN [lintersdb] The linter named "megacheck" is deprecated. It has been split into: gosimple, staticcheck, unused. * Enable some more linters, address finding
Remove fully inactivated linters (#2148 )
2024-06-01 17:39:09 +00:00 · 2024-06-01 06:31:11 -04:00 · 2024-05-18 22:12:02 -04:00 · 2024-05-18 09:41:31 -04:00 · 2024-04-13 02:21:03 +00:00 · 2024-04-08 06:47:35 -04:00
61 changed files with 1977 additions and 473 deletions
--- a/.github/labeler.yml
+++ b/.github/labeler.yml
@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
 # changes to documentation generation
-"area/docs-generation": doc/**/*
+"area/docs-generation": 
+- changed-files:
+  - any-glob-to-any-file: 'doc/**'

 # changes to the core cobra command
 "area/cobra-command":
- any: ['./cobra.go', './cobra_test.go', './*command*.go']
+- changed-files:
+  - any-glob-to-any-file: ['./cobra.go', './cobra_test.go', './*command*.go']

 # changes made to command flags/args
-"area/flags": ./args*.go
+"area/flags":
+- changed-files:
+  - any-glob-to-any-file: './args*.go'

 # changes to Github workflows
-"area/github": .github/**/*
+"area/github":
+- changed-files:
+  - any-glob-to-any-file: '.github/**'

 # changes to shell completions
 "area/shell-completion":
-  - ./*completions*
-
+- changed-files:
+  - any-glob-to-any-file: './*completions*'
--- a/.github/workflows/labeler.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/labeler.yml
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
      pull-requests: write  # for actions/labeler to add labels to PRs
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/labeler@v4
+    - uses: actions/labeler@v5
      with:
        repo-token: "${{ github.token }}"

--- a/.github/workflows/stale.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-name: Mark stale issues and pull requests
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-  - cron: "0 0 * * *"
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  stale:
-
-    permissions:
-      issues: write  # for actions/stale to close stale issues
-      pull-requests: write  # for actions/stale to close stale PRs
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/stale@v6
-      with:
-        repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        stale-issue-message: "The Cobra project currently lacks enough contributors to adequately respond to all issues.
-          This bot triages issues and PRs according to the following rules:
-
-          - After 60d of inactivity, lifecycle/stale is applied.
-          - After 30d of inactivity since lifecycle/stale was applied, lifecycle/rotten is applied and the issue is closed.
-
-          You can:
-
-          - Make a comment to remove the stale label and show your support. The 60 days reset.
-          - If an issue has lifecycle/rotten and is closed, comment and ask maintainers if they'd be interseted in reopening"
-
-        stale-pr-message: "The Cobra project currently lacks enough contributors to adequately respond to all PRs.
-          This bot triages issues and PRs according to the following rules:
-
-          - After 60d of inactivity, lifecycle/stale is applied.
-          - After 30d of inactivity since lifecycle/stale was applied, lifecycle/rotten is applied and the PR is closed.
-
-          You can:
-
-          - Make a comment to remove the stale label and show your support. The 60 days reset.
-          - If a PR has lifecycle/rotten and is closed, comment and ask maintainers if they'd be interseted in reopening."
-
-        days-before-stale: 60
-        days-before-close: 30
-        stale-issue-label: 'lifecycle/stale'
-        stale-pr-label: 'lifecycle/stale'
-        exempt-issue-labels: 'lifecycle/frozen'
-        exempt-pr-labels: 'lifecycle/frozen'
-        close-issue-label: 'lifecycle/rotten'
-        close-pr-label: 'lifecycle/rotten'
-
-        # Since cobra has so many legacy issues and PRs that need to be triaged,
-        # only label new PRs and issues.
-        start-date: '2022-02-01T00:00:00Z'
-
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:

-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - run: >-
          docker run
          -v $(pwd):/wrk -w /wrk
          ghcr.io/google/addlicense
          -c 'The Cobra Authors'
-          -y '2013-2022'
+          -y '2013-2023'
          -l apache
          -ignore '.github/**'
          -check
@ -39,17 +39,15 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:

-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: '^1.19'
+          go-version: '^1.22'
          check-latest: true
          cache: true

-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v3.2.0
+      - uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v4.0.0
        with:
          version: latest
          args: --verbose
@ -63,32 +61,29 @@ jobs:
        - ubuntu
        - macOS
        go:
-        - 15
-        - 16
        - 17
        - 18
        - 19
+        - 20
+        - 21
+        - 22
    name: '${{ matrix.platform }} | 1.${{ matrix.go }}.x'
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}-latest
    steps:

-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4

-    - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
      with:
        go-version: 1.${{ matrix.go }}.x
        cache: true

    - run: |
        export GOBIN=$HOME/go/bin
-        case "${{ matrix.go }}" in
-          14|15) _version='';;
-          *) _version='@latest';;
-        esac
-        go install github.com/kyoh86/richgo"${_version}"
-        go install github.com/mitchellh/gox"${_version}"
+        go install github.com/kyoh86/richgo@latest
+        go install github.com/mitchellh/gox@latest

-    - run: RICHGO_FORCE_COLOR=1 PATH=$HOME/go/bin/:$PATH make test
+    - run: RICHGO_FORCE_COLOR=1 PATH=$HOME/go/bin/:$PATH make richtest


  test-win:
@ -112,9 +107,9 @@ jobs:
          unzip
          mingw-w64-x86_64-go

-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4

-    - uses: actions/cache@v3
+    - uses: actions/cache@v4
      with:
        path: ~/go/pkg/mod
        key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.go }}-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
@ -125,4 +120,4 @@ jobs:
        go install github.com/kyoh86/richgo@latest
        go install github.com/mitchellh/gox@latest

-    - run: RICHGO_FORCE_COLOR=1 PATH=$HOME/go/bin:$PATH make test
+    - run: RICHGO_FORCE_COLOR=1 PATH=$HOME/go/bin:$PATH make richtest
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+# Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -19,44 +19,39 @@ linters:
  disable-all: true
  enable:
    #- bodyclose
-    - deadcode
+    # - deadcode ! deprecated since v1.49.0; replaced by 'unused'
    #- depguard
    #- dogsled
    #- dupl
    - errcheck
    #- exhaustive
    #- funlen
-    - gas
    #- gochecknoinits
    - goconst
-    #- gocritic
+    - gocritic
    #- gocyclo
-    #- gofmt
+    - gofmt
    - goimports
-    - golint
    #- gomnd
    #- goprintffuncname
-    #- gosec
-    #- gosimple
+    - gosec
+    - gosimple
    - govet
    - ineffassign
-    - interfacer
    #- lll
-    - maligned
-    - megacheck
-    #- misspell
+    - misspell
    #- nakedret
    #- noctx
-    #- nolintlint
+    - nolintlint
    #- rowserrcheck
    #- scopelint
-    #- staticcheck
-    - structcheck
-    #- stylecheck
+    - staticcheck
+    #- structcheck ! deprecated since v1.49.0; replaced by 'unused'
+    - stylecheck
    #- typecheck
    - unconvert
    #- unparam
-    #- unused
-    - varcheck
+    - unused
+    # - varcheck ! deprecated since v1.49.0; replaced by 'unused'
    #- whitespace
  fast: false
--- a/8
+++ b/8
@ -5,10 +5,6 @@ ifeq (, $(shell which golangci-lint))
 $(warning "could not find golangci-lint in $(PATH), run: curl -sfL https://install.goreleaser.com/github.com/golangci/golangci-lint.sh | sh")
 endif

-ifeq (, $(shell which richgo))
-$(warning "could not find richgo in $(PATH), run: go install github.com/kyoh86/richgo@latest")
-endif
-
 .PHONY: fmt lint test install_deps clean

 default: all
@ -25,6 +21,10 @@ lint:

 test: install_deps
 	$(info ******************** running tests ********************)
+	go test -v ./...
+
+richtest: install_deps
+	$(info ******************** running tests with kyoh86/richgo ********************)
 	richgo test -v ./...

 install_deps:
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-![cobra logo](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/173412/10886352/ad566232-814f-11e5-9cd0-aa101788c117.png)
+![cobra logo](assets/CobraMain.png)

 Cobra is a library for creating powerful modern CLI applications.

 Cobra is used in many Go projects such as [Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io/),
 [Hugo](https://gohugo.io), and [GitHub CLI](https://github.com/cli/cli) to
-name a few. [This list](./projects_using_cobra.md) contains a more extensive list of projects using Cobra.
+name a few. [This list](site/content/projects_using_cobra.md) contains a more extensive list of projects using Cobra.

-[![](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/spf13/cobra/Test?longCache=tru&label=Test&logo=github%20actions&logoColor=fff)](https://github.com/spf13/cobra/actions?query=workflow%3ATest)
+[![](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/spf13/cobra/test.yml?branch=main&longCache=true&label=Test&logo=github%20actions&logoColor=fff)](https://github.com/spf13/cobra/actions?query=workflow%3ATest)
 [![Go Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/spf13/cobra.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/spf13/cobra)
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/spf13/cobra)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/spf13/cobra)
 [![Slack](https://img.shields.io/badge/Slack-cobra-brightgreen)](https://gophers.slack.com/archives/CD3LP1199)
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ which maintains the same interface while adding POSIX compliance.

 # Installing
 Using Cobra is easy. First, use `go get` to install the latest version
-of the library.     
+of the library.

 ```
 go get -u github.com/spf13/cobra@latest
@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ go install github.com/spf13/cobra-cli@latest

 For complete details on using the Cobra-CLI generator, please read [The Cobra Generator README](https://github.com/spf13/cobra-cli/blob/main/README.md)

-For complete details on using the Cobra library, please read the [The Cobra User Guide](user_guide.md).
+For complete details on using the Cobra library, please read the [The Cobra User Guide](site/content/user_guide.md).

 # License

-Cobra is released under the Apache 2.0 license. See [LICENSE.txt](https://github.com/spf13/cobra/blob/master/LICENSE.txt)
+Cobra is released under the Apache 2.0 license. See [LICENSE.txt](LICENSE.txt)
--- a/active_help.go
+++ b/active_help.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -17,15 +17,14 @@ package cobra
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"strings"
 )

 const (
 	activeHelpMarker = "_activeHelp_ "
 	// The below values should not be changed: programs will be using them explicitly
 	// in their user documentation, and users will be using them explicitly.
-	activeHelpEnvVarSuffix  = "_ACTIVE_HELP"
-	activeHelpGlobalEnvVar  = "COBRA_ACTIVE_HELP"
+	activeHelpEnvVarSuffix  = "ACTIVE_HELP"
+	activeHelpGlobalEnvVar  = configEnvVarGlobalPrefix + "_" + activeHelpEnvVarSuffix
 	activeHelpGlobalDisable = "0"
 )

@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ func AppendActiveHelp(compArray []string, activeHelpStr string) []string {

 // GetActiveHelpConfig returns the value of the ActiveHelp environment variable
 // <PROGRAM>_ACTIVE_HELP where <PROGRAM> is the name of the root command in upper
-// case, with all - replaced by _.
+// case, with all non-ASCII-alphanumeric characters replaced by `_`.
 // It will always return "0" if the global environment variable COBRA_ACTIVE_HELP
 // is set to "0".
 func GetActiveHelpConfig(cmd *Command) string {
@ -55,9 +54,7 @@ func GetActiveHelpConfig(cmd *Command) string {

 // activeHelpEnvVar returns the name of the program-specific ActiveHelp environment
 // variable.  It has the format <PROGRAM>_ACTIVE_HELP where <PROGRAM> is the name of the
-// root command in upper case, with all - replaced by _.
+// root command in upper case, with all non-ASCII-alphanumeric characters replaced by `_`.
 func activeHelpEnvVar(name string) string {
-	// This format should not be changed: users will be using it explicitly.
-	activeHelpEnvVar := strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", name, activeHelpEnvVarSuffix))
-	return strings.ReplaceAll(activeHelpEnvVar, "-", "_")
+	return configEnvVar(name, activeHelpEnvVarSuffix)
 }
--- a/active_help_test.go
+++ b/active_help_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/args.go
+++ b/args.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (

 type PositionalArgs func(cmd *Command, args []string) error

-// Legacy arg validation has the following behaviour:
+// legacyArgs validation has the following behaviour:
 // - root commands with no subcommands can take arbitrary arguments
 // - root commands with subcommands will do subcommand validity checking
 // - subcommands will always accept arbitrary arguments
@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ func OnlyValidArgs(cmd *Command, args []string) error {
 	if len(cmd.ValidArgs) > 0 {
 		// Remove any description that may be included in ValidArgs.
 		// A description is following a tab character.
-		var validArgs []string
+		validArgs := make([]string, 0, len(cmd.ValidArgs))
 		for _, v := range cmd.ValidArgs {
-			validArgs = append(validArgs, strings.Split(v, "\t")[0])
+			validArgs = append(validArgs, strings.SplitN(v, "\t", 2)[0])
 		}
 		for _, v := range args {
 			if !stringInSlice(v, validArgs) {
--- a/args_test.go
+++ b/args_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/assets/CobraMain.png
+++ b/assets/CobraMain.png
--- a/bash_completions.go
+++ b/bash_completions.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ __%[1]s_handle_go_custom_completion()
    local out requestComp lastParam lastChar comp directive args

    # Prepare the command to request completions for the program.
-    # Calling ${words[0]} instead of directly %[1]s allows to handle aliases
+    # Calling ${words[0]} instead of directly %[1]s allows handling aliases
    args=("${words[@]:1}")
    # Disable ActiveHelp which is not supported for bash completion v1
    requestComp="%[8]s=0 ${words[0]} %[2]s ${args[*]}"
@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ func writeLocalNonPersistentFlag(buf io.StringWriter, flag *pflag.Flag) {
 	}
 }

-// Setup annotations for go completions for registered flags
+// prepareCustomAnnotationsForFlags setup annotations for go completions for registered flags
 func prepareCustomAnnotationsForFlags(cmd *Command) {
 	flagCompletionMutex.RLock()
 	defer flagCompletionMutex.RUnlock()
@ -597,19 +597,16 @@ func writeRequiredFlag(buf io.StringWriter, cmd *Command) {
 		if nonCompletableFlag(flag) {
 			return
 		}
-		for key := range flag.Annotations {
-			switch key {
-			case BashCompOneRequiredFlag:
-				format := "    must_have_one_flag+=(\"--%s"
-				if flag.Value.Type() != "bool" {
-					format += "="
-				}
-				format += cbn
-				WriteStringAndCheck(buf, fmt.Sprintf(format, flag.Name))
+		if _, ok := flag.Annotations[BashCompOneRequiredFlag]; ok {
+			format := "    must_have_one_flag+=(\"--%s"
+			if flag.Value.Type() != "bool" {
+				format += "="
+			}
+			format += cbn
+			WriteStringAndCheck(buf, fmt.Sprintf(format, flag.Name))

-				if len(flag.Shorthand) > 0 {
-					WriteStringAndCheck(buf, fmt.Sprintf("    must_have_one_flag+=(\"-%s"+cbn, flag.Shorthand))
-				}
+			if len(flag.Shorthand) > 0 {
+				WriteStringAndCheck(buf, fmt.Sprintf("    must_have_one_flag+=(\"-%s"+cbn, flag.Shorthand))
 			}
 		}
 	})
@ -621,7 +618,7 @@ func writeRequiredNouns(buf io.StringWriter, cmd *Command) {
 	for _, value := range cmd.ValidArgs {
 		// Remove any description that may be included following a tab character.
 		// Descriptions are not supported by bash completion.
-		value = strings.Split(value, "\t")[0]
+		value = strings.SplitN(value, "\t", 2)[0]
 		WriteStringAndCheck(buf, fmt.Sprintf("    must_have_one_noun+=(%q)\n", value))
 	}
 	if cmd.ValidArgsFunction != nil {
--- a/bash_completionsV2.go
+++ b/bash_completionsV2.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func genBashComp(buf io.StringWriter, name string, includeDesc bool) {

 __%[1]s_debug()
 {
-    if [[ -n ${BASH_COMP_DEBUG_FILE:-} ]]; then
+    if [[ -n ${BASH_COMP_DEBUG_FILE-} ]]; then
        echo "$*" >> "${BASH_COMP_DEBUG_FILE}"
    fi
 }
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ __%[1]s_get_completion_results() {
    local requestComp lastParam lastChar args

    # Prepare the command to request completions for the program.
-    # Calling ${words[0]} instead of directly %[1]s allows to handle aliases
+    # Calling ${words[0]} instead of directly %[1]s allows handling aliases
    args=("${words[@]:1}")
    requestComp="${words[0]} %[2]s ${args[*]}"

@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ __%[1]s_get_completion_results() {
    lastChar=${lastParam:$((${#lastParam}-1)):1}
    __%[1]s_debug "lastParam ${lastParam}, lastChar ${lastChar}"

-    if [ -z "${cur}" ] && [ "${lastChar}" != "=" ]; then
+    if [[ -z ${cur} && ${lastChar} != = ]]; then
        # If the last parameter is complete (there is a space following it)
        # We add an extra empty parameter so we can indicate this to the go method.
        __%[1]s_debug "Adding extra empty parameter"
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ __%[1]s_get_completion_results() {
    # When completing a flag with an = (e.g., %[1]s -n=<TAB>)
    # bash focuses on the part after the =, so we need to remove
    # the flag part from $cur
-    if [[ "${cur}" == -*=* ]]; then
+    if [[ ${cur} == -*=* ]]; then
        cur="${cur#*=}"
    fi

@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ __%[1]s_get_completion_results() {
    directive=${out##*:}
    # Remove the directive
    out=${out%%:*}
-    if [ "${directive}" = "${out}" ]; then
+    if [[ ${directive} == "${out}" ]]; then
        # There is not directive specified
        directive=0
    fi
@ -101,22 +101,36 @@ __%[1]s_process_completion_results() {
    local shellCompDirectiveNoFileComp=%[5]d
    local shellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt=%[6]d
    local shellCompDirectiveFilterDirs=%[7]d
+    local shellCompDirectiveKeepOrder=%[8]d

-    if [ $((directive & shellCompDirectiveError)) -ne 0 ]; then
+    if (((directive & shellCompDirectiveError) != 0)); then
        # Error code.  No completion.
        __%[1]s_debug "Received error from custom completion go code"
        return
    else
-        if [ $((directive & shellCompDirectiveNoSpace)) -ne 0 ]; then
-            if [[ $(type -t compopt) = "builtin" ]]; then
+        if (((directive & shellCompDirectiveNoSpace) != 0)); then
+            if [[ $(type -t compopt) == builtin ]]; then
                __%[1]s_debug "Activating no space"
                compopt -o nospace
            else
                __%[1]s_debug "No space directive not supported in this version of bash"
            fi
        fi
-        if [ $((directive & shellCompDirectiveNoFileComp)) -ne 0 ]; then
-            if [[ $(type -t compopt) = "builtin" ]]; then
+        if (((directive & shellCompDirectiveKeepOrder) != 0)); then
+            if [[ $(type -t compopt) == builtin ]]; then
+                # no sort isn't supported for bash less than < 4.4
+                if [[ ${BASH_VERSINFO[0]} -lt 4 || ( ${BASH_VERSINFO[0]} -eq 4 && ${BASH_VERSINFO[1]} -lt 4 ) ]]; then
+                    __%[1]s_debug "No sort directive not supported in this version of bash"
+                else
+                    __%[1]s_debug "Activating keep order"
+                    compopt -o nosort
+                fi
+            else
+                __%[1]s_debug "No sort directive not supported in this version of bash"
+            fi
+        fi
+        if (((directive & shellCompDirectiveNoFileComp) != 0)); then
+            if [[ $(type -t compopt) == builtin ]]; then
                __%[1]s_debug "Activating no file completion"
                compopt +o default
            else
@ -130,7 +144,7 @@ __%[1]s_process_completion_results() {
    local activeHelp=()
    __%[1]s_extract_activeHelp

-    if [ $((directive & shellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt)) -ne 0 ]; then
+    if (((directive & shellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt) != 0)); then
        # File extension filtering
        local fullFilter filter filteringCmd

@ -143,13 +157,12 @@ __%[1]s_process_completion_results() {
        filteringCmd="_filedir $fullFilter"
        __%[1]s_debug "File filtering command: $filteringCmd"
        $filteringCmd
-    elif [ $((directive & shellCompDirectiveFilterDirs)) -ne 0 ]; then
+    elif (((directive & shellCompDirectiveFilterDirs) != 0)); then
        # File completion for directories only

-        # Use printf to strip any trailing newline
        local subdir
-        subdir=$(printf "%%s" "${completions[0]}")
-        if [ -n "$subdir" ]; then
+        subdir=${completions[0]}
+        if [[ -n $subdir ]]; then
            __%[1]s_debug "Listing directories in $subdir"
            pushd "$subdir" >/dev/null 2>&1 && _filedir -d && popd >/dev/null 2>&1 || return
        else
@ -164,7 +177,7 @@ __%[1]s_process_completion_results() {
    __%[1]s_handle_special_char "$cur" =

    # Print the activeHelp statements before we finish
-    if [ ${#activeHelp[*]} -ne 0 ]; then
+    if ((${#activeHelp[*]} != 0)); then
        printf "\n";
        printf "%%s\n" "${activeHelp[@]}"
        printf "\n"
@ -184,21 +197,21 @@ __%[1]s_process_completion_results() {
 # Separate activeHelp lines from real completions.
 # Fills the $activeHelp and $completions arrays.
 __%[1]s_extract_activeHelp() {
-    local activeHelpMarker="%[8]s"
+    local activeHelpMarker="%[9]s"
    local endIndex=${#activeHelpMarker}

    while IFS='' read -r comp; do
-        if [ "${comp:0:endIndex}" = "$activeHelpMarker" ]; then
+        if [[ ${comp:0:endIndex} == $activeHelpMarker ]]; then
            comp=${comp:endIndex}
            __%[1]s_debug "ActiveHelp found: $comp"
-            if [ -n "$comp" ]; then
+            if [[ -n $comp ]]; then
                activeHelp+=("$comp")
            fi
        else
            # Not an activeHelp line but a normal completion
            completions+=("$comp")
        fi
-    done < <(printf "%%s\n" "${out}")
+    done <<<"${out}"
 }

 __%[1]s_handle_completion_types() {
@ -254,7 +267,7 @@ __%[1]s_handle_standard_completion_case() {
    done < <(printf "%%s\n" "${completions[@]}")

    # If there is a single completion left, remove the description text
-    if [ ${#COMPREPLY[*]} -eq 1 ]; then
+    if ((${#COMPREPLY[*]} == 1)); then
        __%[1]s_debug "COMPREPLY[0]: ${COMPREPLY[0]}"
        comp="${COMPREPLY[0]%%%%$tab*}"
        __%[1]s_debug "Removed description from single completion, which is now: ${comp}"
@ -271,8 +284,8 @@ __%[1]s_handle_special_char()
    if [[ "$comp" == *${char}* && "$COMP_WORDBREAKS" == *${char}* ]]; then
        local word=${comp%%"${comp##*${char}}"}
        local idx=${#COMPREPLY[*]}
-        while [[ $((--idx)) -ge 0 ]]; do
-            COMPREPLY[$idx]=${COMPREPLY[$idx]#"$word"}
+        while ((--idx >= 0)); do
+            COMPREPLY[idx]=${COMPREPLY[idx]#"$word"}
        done
    fi
 }
@ -298,7 +311,7 @@ __%[1]s_format_comp_descriptions()

            # Make sure we can fit a description of at least 8 characters
            # if we are to align the descriptions.
-            if [[ $maxdesclength -gt 8 ]]; then
+            if ((maxdesclength > 8)); then
                # Add the proper number of spaces to align the descriptions
                for ((i = ${#comp} ; i < longest ; i++)); do
                    comp+=" "
@ -310,8 +323,8 @@ __%[1]s_format_comp_descriptions()

            # If there is enough space for any description text,
            # truncate the descriptions that are too long for the shell width
-            if [ $maxdesclength -gt 0 ]; then
-                if [ ${#desc} -gt $maxdesclength ]; then
+            if ((maxdesclength > 0)); then
+                if ((${#desc} > maxdesclength)); then
                    desc=${desc:0:$(( maxdesclength - 1 ))}
                    desc+="…"
                fi
@ -332,9 +345,9 @@ __start_%[1]s()
    # Call _init_completion from the bash-completion package
    # to prepare the arguments properly
    if declare -F _init_completion >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-        _init_completion -n "=:" || return
+        _init_completion -n =: || return
    else
-        __%[1]s_init_completion -n "=:" || return
+        __%[1]s_init_completion -n =: || return
    fi

    __%[1]s_debug
@ -361,7 +374,7 @@ fi
 # ex: ts=4 sw=4 et filetype=sh
 `, name, compCmd,
 		ShellCompDirectiveError, ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace, ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp,
-		ShellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt, ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs,
+		ShellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt, ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs, ShellCompDirectiveKeepOrder,
 		activeHelpMarker))
 }

--- a/bash_completionsV2_test.go
+++ b/bash_completionsV2_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/bash_completions_test.go
+++ b/bash_completions_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/cobra.go
+++ b/cobra.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -43,12 +43,13 @@ var initializers []func()
 var finalizers []func()

 const (
-	defaultPrefixMatching  = false
-	defaultCommandSorting  = true
-	defaultCaseInsensitive = false
+	defaultPrefixMatching   = false
+	defaultCommandSorting   = true
+	defaultCaseInsensitive  = false
+	defaultTraverseRunHooks = false
 )

-// EnablePrefixMatching allows to set automatic prefix matching. Automatic prefix matching can be a dangerous thing
+// EnablePrefixMatching allows setting automatic prefix matching. Automatic prefix matching can be a dangerous thing
 // to automatically enable in CLI tools.
 // Set this to true to enable it.
 var EnablePrefixMatching = defaultPrefixMatching
@ -60,6 +61,10 @@ var EnableCommandSorting = defaultCommandSorting
 // EnableCaseInsensitive allows case-insensitive commands names. (case sensitive by default)
 var EnableCaseInsensitive = defaultCaseInsensitive

+// EnableTraverseRunHooks executes persistent pre-run and post-run hooks from all parents.
+// By default this is disabled, which means only the first run hook to be found is executed.
+var EnableTraverseRunHooks = defaultTraverseRunHooks
+
 // MousetrapHelpText enables an information splash screen on Windows
 // if the CLI is started from explorer.exe.
 // To disable the mousetrap, just set this variable to blank string ("").
@ -167,8 +172,8 @@ func appendIfNotPresent(s, stringToAppend string) string {

 // rpad adds padding to the right of a string.
 func rpad(s string, padding int) string {
-	template := fmt.Sprintf("%%-%ds", padding)
-	return fmt.Sprintf(template, s)
+	formattedString := fmt.Sprintf("%%-%ds", padding)
+	return fmt.Sprintf(formattedString, s)
 }

 // tmpl executes the given template text on data, writing the result to w.
@ -188,8 +193,6 @@ func ld(s, t string, ignoreCase bool) int {
 	d := make([][]int, len(s)+1)
 	for i := range d {
 		d[i] = make([]int, len(t)+1)
-	}
-	for i := range d {
 		d[i][0] = i
 	}
 	for j := range d[0] {
--- a/cobra_test.go
+++ b/cobra_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -40,3 +40,185 @@ func TestAddTemplateFunctions(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected UsageString: %v\nGot: %v", expected, got)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestLevenshteinDistance(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		s          string
+		t          string
+		ignoreCase bool
+		expected   int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "Equal strings (case-sensitive)",
+			s:          "hello",
+			t:          "hello",
+			ignoreCase: false,
+			expected:   0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Equal strings (case-insensitive)",
+			s:          "Hello",
+			t:          "hello",
+			ignoreCase: true,
+			expected:   0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Different strings (case-sensitive)",
+			s:          "kitten",
+			t:          "sitting",
+			ignoreCase: false,
+			expected:   3,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Different strings (case-insensitive)",
+			s:          "Kitten",
+			t:          "Sitting",
+			ignoreCase: true,
+			expected:   3,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Empty strings",
+			s:          "",
+			t:          "",
+			ignoreCase: false,
+			expected:   0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "One empty string",
+			s:          "abc",
+			t:          "",
+			ignoreCase: false,
+			expected:   3,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Both empty strings",
+			s:          "",
+			t:          "",
+			ignoreCase: true,
+			expected:   0,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Act
+			got := ld(tt.s, tt.t, tt.ignoreCase)
+
+			// Assert
+			if got != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("Expected ld: %v\nGot: %v", tt.expected, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStringInSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		a        string
+		list     []string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "String in slice (case-sensitive)",
+			a:        "apple",
+			list:     []string{"orange", "banana", "apple", "grape"},
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "String not in slice (case-sensitive)",
+			a:        "pear",
+			list:     []string{"orange", "banana", "apple", "grape"},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "String in slice (case-insensitive)",
+			a:        "APPLE",
+			list:     []string{"orange", "banana", "apple", "grape"},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Empty slice",
+			a:        "apple",
+			list:     []string{},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Empty string",
+			a:        "",
+			list:     []string{"orange", "banana", "apple", "grape"},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Empty strings match",
+			a:        "",
+			list:     []string{"orange", ""},
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Empty string in empty slice",
+			a:        "",
+			list:     []string{},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Act
+			got := stringInSlice(tt.a, tt.list)
+
+			// Assert
+			if got != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("Expected stringInSlice: %v\nGot: %v", tt.expected, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRpad(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		inputString string
+		padding     int
+		expected    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "Padding required",
+			inputString: "Hello",
+			padding:     10,
+			expected:    "Hello     ",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "No padding required",
+			inputString: "World",
+			padding:     5,
+			expected:    "World",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Empty string",
+			inputString: "",
+			padding:     8,
+			expected:    "        ",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Zero padding",
+			inputString: "cobra",
+			padding:     0,
+			expected:    "cobra",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Act
+			got := rpad(tt.inputString, tt.padding)
+
+			// Assert
+			if got != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("Expected rpad: %v\nGot: %v", tt.expected, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/command.go
+++ b/command.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -30,12 +30,15 @@ import (
 	flag "github.com/spf13/pflag"
 )

-const FlagSetByCobraAnnotation = "cobra_annotation_flag_set_by_cobra"
+const (
+	FlagSetByCobraAnnotation     = "cobra_annotation_flag_set_by_cobra"
+	CommandDisplayNameAnnotation = "cobra_annotation_command_display_name"
+)

 // FParseErrWhitelist configures Flag parse errors to be ignored
 type FParseErrWhitelist flag.ParseErrorsWhitelist

-// Structure to manage groups for commands
+// Group Structure to manage groups for commands
 type Group struct {
 	ID    string
 	Title string
@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ type Group struct {
 // definition to ensure usability.
 type Command struct {
 	// Use is the one-line usage message.
-	// Recommended syntax is as follow:
+	// Recommended syntax is as follows:
 	//   [ ] identifies an optional argument. Arguments that are not enclosed in brackets are required.
 	//   ... indicates that you can specify multiple values for the previous argument.
 	//   |   indicates mutually exclusive information. You can use the argument to the left of the separator or the
@ -99,7 +102,7 @@ type Command struct {
 	Deprecated string

 	// Annotations are key/value pairs that can be used by applications to identify or
-	// group commands.
+	// group commands or set special options.
 	Annotations map[string]string

 	// Version defines the version for this command. If this value is non-empty and the command does not
@ -115,6 +118,8 @@ type Command struct {
 	//   * PostRun()
 	//   * PersistentPostRun()
 	// All functions get the same args, the arguments after the command name.
+	// The *PreRun and *PostRun functions will only be executed if the Run function of the current
+	// command has been declared.
 	//
 	// PersistentPreRun: children of this command will inherit and execute.
 	PersistentPreRun func(cmd *Command, args []string)
@ -149,8 +154,10 @@ type Command struct {
 	// pflags contains persistent flags.
 	pflags *flag.FlagSet
 	// lflags contains local flags.
+	// This field does not represent internal state, it's used as a cache to optimise LocalFlags function call
 	lflags *flag.FlagSet
 	// iflags contains inherited flags.
+	// This field does not represent internal state, it's used as a cache to optimise InheritedFlags function call
 	iflags *flag.FlagSet
 	// parentsPflags is all persistent flags of cmd's parents.
 	parentsPflags *flag.FlagSet
@ -181,6 +188,9 @@ type Command struct {
 	// versionTemplate is the version template defined by user.
 	versionTemplate string

+	// errPrefix is the error message prefix defined by user.
+	errPrefix string
+
 	// inReader is a reader defined by the user that replaces stdin
 	inReader io.Reader
 	// outWriter is a writer defined by the user that replaces stdout
@ -321,7 +331,7 @@ func (c *Command) SetHelpCommand(cmd *Command) {
 	c.helpCommand = cmd
 }

-// SetHelpCommandGroup sets the group id of the help command.
+// SetHelpCommandGroupID sets the group id of the help command.
 func (c *Command) SetHelpCommandGroupID(groupID string) {
 	if c.helpCommand != nil {
 		c.helpCommand.GroupID = groupID
@ -330,7 +340,7 @@ func (c *Command) SetHelpCommandGroupID(groupID string) {
 	c.helpCommandGroupID = groupID
 }

-// SetCompletionCommandGroup sets the group id of the completion command.
+// SetCompletionCommandGroupID sets the group id of the completion command.
 func (c *Command) SetCompletionCommandGroupID(groupID string) {
 	// completionCommandGroupID is used if no completion command is defined by the user
 	c.Root().completionCommandGroupID = groupID
@ -346,6 +356,11 @@ func (c *Command) SetVersionTemplate(s string) {
 	c.versionTemplate = s
 }

+// SetErrPrefix sets error message prefix to be used. Application can use it to set custom prefix.
+func (c *Command) SetErrPrefix(s string) {
+	c.errPrefix = s
+}
+
 // SetGlobalNormalizationFunc sets a normalization function to all flag sets and also to child commands.
 // The user should not have a cyclic dependency on commands.
 func (c *Command) SetGlobalNormalizationFunc(n func(f *flag.FlagSet, name string) flag.NormalizedName) {
@ -595,6 +610,18 @@ func (c *Command) VersionTemplate() string {
 `
 }

+// ErrPrefix return error message prefix for the command
+func (c *Command) ErrPrefix() string {
+	if c.errPrefix != "" {
+		return c.errPrefix
+	}
+
+	if c.HasParent() {
+		return c.parent.ErrPrefix()
+	}
+	return "Error:"
+}
+
 func hasNoOptDefVal(name string, fs *flag.FlagSet) bool {
 	flag := fs.Lookup(name)
 	if flag == nil {
@ -655,20 +682,44 @@ Loop:

 // argsMinusFirstX removes only the first x from args.  Otherwise, commands that look like
 // openshift admin policy add-role-to-user admin my-user, lose the admin argument (arg[4]).
-func argsMinusFirstX(args []string, x string) []string {
-	for i, y := range args {
-		if x == y {
-			ret := []string{}
-			ret = append(ret, args[:i]...)
-			ret = append(ret, args[i+1:]...)
-			return ret
+// Special care needs to be taken not to remove a flag value.
+func (c *Command) argsMinusFirstX(args []string, x string) []string {
+	if len(args) == 0 {
+		return args
+	}
+	c.mergePersistentFlags()
+	flags := c.Flags()
+
+Loop:
+	for pos := 0; pos < len(args); pos++ {
+		s := args[pos]
+		switch {
+		case s == "--":
+			// -- means we have reached the end of the parseable args. Break out of the loop now.
+			break Loop
+		case strings.HasPrefix(s, "--") && !strings.Contains(s, "=") && !hasNoOptDefVal(s[2:], flags):
+			fallthrough
+		case strings.HasPrefix(s, "-") && !strings.Contains(s, "=") && len(s) == 2 && !shortHasNoOptDefVal(s[1:], flags):
+			// This is a flag without a default value, and an equal sign is not used. Increment pos in order to skip
+			// over the next arg, because that is the value of this flag.
+			pos++
+			continue
+		case !strings.HasPrefix(s, "-"):
+			// This is not a flag or a flag value. Check to see if it matches what we're looking for, and if so,
+			// return the args, excluding the one at this position.
+			if s == x {
+				ret := make([]string, 0, len(args)-1)
+				ret = append(ret, args[:pos]...)
+				ret = append(ret, args[pos+1:]...)
+				return ret
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return args
 }

 func isFlagArg(arg string) bool {
-	return ((len(arg) >= 3 && arg[1] == '-') ||
+	return ((len(arg) >= 3 && arg[0:2] == "--") ||
 		(len(arg) >= 2 && arg[0] == '-' && arg[1] != '-'))
 }

@ -686,7 +737,7 @@ func (c *Command) Find(args []string) (*Command, []string, error) {

 		cmd := c.findNext(nextSubCmd)
 		if cmd != nil {
-			return innerfind(cmd, argsMinusFirstX(innerArgs, nextSubCmd))
+			return innerfind(cmd, c.argsMinusFirstX(innerArgs, nextSubCmd))
 		}
 		return c, innerArgs
 	}
@ -705,14 +756,14 @@ func (c *Command) findSuggestions(arg string) string {
 	if c.SuggestionsMinimumDistance <= 0 {
 		c.SuggestionsMinimumDistance = 2
 	}
-	suggestionsString := ""
+	var sb strings.Builder
 	if suggestions := c.SuggestionsFor(arg); len(suggestions) > 0 {
-		suggestionsString += "\n\nDid you mean this?\n"
+		sb.WriteString("\n\nDid you mean this?\n")
 		for _, s := range suggestions {
-			suggestionsString += fmt.Sprintf("\t%v\n", s)
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "\t%v\n", s)
 		}
 	}
-	return suggestionsString
+	return sb.String()
 }

 func (c *Command) findNext(next string) *Command {
@ -728,7 +779,9 @@ func (c *Command) findNext(next string) *Command {
 	}

 	if len(matches) == 1 {
-		return matches[0]
+		// Temporarily disable gosec G602, which produces a false positive.
+		// See https://github.com/securego/gosec/issues/1005.
+		return matches[0] // #nosec G602
 	}

 	return nil
@ -822,7 +875,7 @@ func (c *Command) ArgsLenAtDash() int {

 func (c *Command) execute(a []string) (err error) {
 	if c == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Called Execute() on a nil Command")
+		return fmt.Errorf("called Execute() on a nil Command")
 	}

 	if len(c.Deprecated) > 0 {
@ -886,15 +939,31 @@ func (c *Command) execute(a []string) (err error) {
 		return err
 	}

+	parents := make([]*Command, 0, 5)
 	for p := c; p != nil; p = p.Parent() {
+		if EnableTraverseRunHooks {
+			// When EnableTraverseRunHooks is set:
+			// - Execute all persistent pre-runs from the root parent till this command.
+			// - Execute all persistent post-runs from this command till the root parent.
+			parents = append([]*Command{p}, parents...)
+		} else {
+			// Otherwise, execute only the first found persistent hook.
+			parents = append(parents, p)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, p := range parents {
 		if p.PersistentPreRunE != nil {
 			if err := p.PersistentPreRunE(c, argWoFlags); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			break
+			if !EnableTraverseRunHooks {
+				break
+			}
 		} else if p.PersistentPreRun != nil {
 			p.PersistentPreRun(c, argWoFlags)
-			break
+			if !EnableTraverseRunHooks {
+				break
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	if c.PreRunE != nil {
@ -931,10 +1000,14 @@ func (c *Command) execute(a []string) (err error) {
 			if err := p.PersistentPostRunE(c, argWoFlags); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			break
+			if !EnableTraverseRunHooks {
+				break
+			}
 		} else if p.PersistentPostRun != nil {
 			p.PersistentPostRun(c, argWoFlags)
-			break
+			if !EnableTraverseRunHooks {
+				break
+			}
 		}
 	}

@ -998,6 +1071,10 @@ func (c *Command) ExecuteC() (cmd *Command, err error) {
 	// initialize completion at the last point to allow for user overriding
 	c.InitDefaultCompletionCmd()

+	// Now that all commands have been created, let's make sure all groups
+	// are properly created also
+	c.checkCommandGroups()
+
 	args := c.args

 	// Workaround FAIL with "go test -v" or "cobra.test -test.v", see #155
@ -1020,7 +1097,7 @@ func (c *Command) ExecuteC() (cmd *Command, err error) {
 			c = cmd
 		}
 		if !c.SilenceErrors {
-			c.PrintErrln("Error:", err.Error())
+			c.PrintErrln(c.ErrPrefix(), err.Error())
 			c.PrintErrf("Run '%v --help' for usage.\n", c.CommandPath())
 		}
 		return c, err
@ -1049,7 +1126,7 @@ func (c *Command) ExecuteC() (cmd *Command, err error) {
 		// If root command has SilenceErrors flagged,
 		// all subcommands should respect it
 		if !cmd.SilenceErrors && !c.SilenceErrors {
-			c.PrintErrln("Error:", err.Error())
+			c.PrintErrln(cmd.ErrPrefix(), err.Error())
 		}

 		// If root command has SilenceUsage flagged,
@ -1092,6 +1169,19 @@ func (c *Command) ValidateRequiredFlags() error {
 	return nil
 }

+// checkCommandGroups checks if a command has been added to a group that does not exists.
+// If so, we panic because it indicates a coding error that should be corrected.
+func (c *Command) checkCommandGroups() {
+	for _, sub := range c.commands {
+		// if Group is not defined let the developer know right away
+		if sub.GroupID != "" && !c.ContainsGroup(sub.GroupID) {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("group id '%s' is not defined for subcommand '%s'", sub.GroupID, sub.CommandPath()))
+		}
+
+		sub.checkCommandGroups()
+	}
+}
+
 // InitDefaultHelpFlag adds default help flag to c.
 // It is called automatically by executing the c or by calling help and usage.
 // If c already has help flag, it will do nothing.
@ -1099,10 +1189,11 @@ func (c *Command) InitDefaultHelpFlag() {
 	c.mergePersistentFlags()
 	if c.Flags().Lookup("help") == nil {
 		usage := "help for "
-		if c.Name() == "" {
+		name := c.displayName()
+		if name == "" {
 			usage += "this command"
 		} else {
-			usage += c.Name()
+			usage += name
 		}
 		c.Flags().BoolP("help", "h", false, usage)
 		_ = c.Flags().SetAnnotation("help", FlagSetByCobraAnnotation, []string{"true"})
@ -1148,7 +1239,7 @@ func (c *Command) InitDefaultHelpCmd() {
 			Use:   "help [command]",
 			Short: "Help about any command",
 			Long: `Help provides help for any command in the application.
-Simply type ` + c.Name() + ` help [path to command] for full details.`,
+Simply type ` + c.displayName() + ` help [path to command] for full details.`,
 			ValidArgsFunction: func(c *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective) {
 				var completions []string
 				cmd, _, e := c.Root().Find(args)
@ -1218,10 +1309,6 @@ func (c *Command) AddCommand(cmds ...*Command) {
 			panic("Command can't be a child of itself")
 		}
 		cmds[i].parent = c
-		// if Group is not defined let the developer know right away
-		if x.GroupID != "" && !c.ContainsGroup(x.GroupID) {
-			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Group id '%s' is not defined for subcommand '%s'", x.GroupID, cmds[i].CommandPath()))
-		}
 		// update max lengths
 		usageLen := len(x.Use)
 		if usageLen > c.commandsMaxUseLen {
@ -1259,7 +1346,7 @@ func (c *Command) AllChildCommandsHaveGroup() bool {
 	return true
 }

-// ContainGroups return if groupID exists in the list of command groups.
+// ContainsGroup return if groupID exists in the list of command groups.
 func (c *Command) ContainsGroup(groupID string) bool {
 	for _, x := range c.commandgroups {
 		if x.ID == groupID {
@ -1343,16 +1430,24 @@ func (c *Command) CommandPath() string {
 	if c.HasParent() {
 		return c.Parent().CommandPath() + " " + c.Name()
 	}
+	return c.displayName()
+}
+
+func (c *Command) displayName() string {
+	if displayName, ok := c.Annotations[CommandDisplayNameAnnotation]; ok {
+		return displayName
+	}
 	return c.Name()
 }

 // UseLine puts out the full usage for a given command (including parents).
 func (c *Command) UseLine() string {
 	var useline string
+	use := strings.Replace(c.Use, c.Name(), c.displayName(), 1)
 	if c.HasParent() {
-		useline = c.parent.CommandPath() + " " + c.Use
+		useline = c.parent.CommandPath() + " " + use
 	} else {
-		useline = c.Use
+		useline = use
 	}
 	if c.DisableFlagsInUseLine {
 		return useline
@ -1554,7 +1649,7 @@ func (c *Command) GlobalNormalizationFunc() func(f *flag.FlagSet, name string) f
 // to this command (local and persistent declared here and by all parents).
 func (c *Command) Flags() *flag.FlagSet {
 	if c.flags == nil {
-		c.flags = flag.NewFlagSet(c.Name(), flag.ContinueOnError)
+		c.flags = flag.NewFlagSet(c.displayName(), flag.ContinueOnError)
 		if c.flagErrorBuf == nil {
 			c.flagErrorBuf = new(bytes.Buffer)
 		}
@ -1565,10 +1660,11 @@ func (c *Command) Flags() *flag.FlagSet {
 }

 // LocalNonPersistentFlags are flags specific to this command which will NOT persist to subcommands.
+// This function does not modify the flags of the current command, it's purpose is to return the current state.
 func (c *Command) LocalNonPersistentFlags() *flag.FlagSet {
 	persistentFlags := c.PersistentFlags()

-	out := flag.NewFlagSet(c.Name(), flag.ContinueOnError)
+	out := flag.NewFlagSet(c.displayName(), flag.ContinueOnError)
 	c.LocalFlags().VisitAll(func(f *flag.Flag) {
 		if persistentFlags.Lookup(f.Name) == nil {
 			out.AddFlag(f)
@ -1578,11 +1674,12 @@ func (c *Command) LocalNonPersistentFlags() *flag.FlagSet {
 }

 // LocalFlags returns the local FlagSet specifically set in the current command.
+// This function does not modify the flags of the current command, it's purpose is to return the current state.
 func (c *Command) LocalFlags() *flag.FlagSet {
 	c.mergePersistentFlags()

 	if c.lflags == nil {
-		c.lflags = flag.NewFlagSet(c.Name(), flag.ContinueOnError)
+		c.lflags = flag.NewFlagSet(c.displayName(), flag.ContinueOnError)
 		if c.flagErrorBuf == nil {
 			c.flagErrorBuf = new(bytes.Buffer)
 		}
@ -1605,11 +1702,12 @@ func (c *Command) LocalFlags() *flag.FlagSet {
 }

 // InheritedFlags returns all flags which were inherited from parent commands.
+// This function does not modify the flags of the current command, it's purpose is to return the current state.
 func (c *Command) InheritedFlags() *flag.FlagSet {
 	c.mergePersistentFlags()

 	if c.iflags == nil {
-		c.iflags = flag.NewFlagSet(c.Name(), flag.ContinueOnError)
+		c.iflags = flag.NewFlagSet(c.displayName(), flag.ContinueOnError)
 		if c.flagErrorBuf == nil {
 			c.flagErrorBuf = new(bytes.Buffer)
 		}
@ -1630,6 +1728,7 @@ func (c *Command) InheritedFlags() *flag.FlagSet {
 }

 // NonInheritedFlags returns all flags which were not inherited from parent commands.
+// This function does not modify the flags of the current command, it's purpose is to return the current state.
 func (c *Command) NonInheritedFlags() *flag.FlagSet {
 	return c.LocalFlags()
 }
@ -1637,7 +1736,7 @@ func (c *Command) NonInheritedFlags() *flag.FlagSet {
 // PersistentFlags returns the persistent FlagSet specifically set in the current command.
 func (c *Command) PersistentFlags() *flag.FlagSet {
 	if c.pflags == nil {
-		c.pflags = flag.NewFlagSet(c.Name(), flag.ContinueOnError)
+		c.pflags = flag.NewFlagSet(c.displayName(), flag.ContinueOnError)
 		if c.flagErrorBuf == nil {
 			c.flagErrorBuf = new(bytes.Buffer)
 		}
@ -1650,9 +1749,9 @@ func (c *Command) PersistentFlags() *flag.FlagSet {
 func (c *Command) ResetFlags() {
 	c.flagErrorBuf = new(bytes.Buffer)
 	c.flagErrorBuf.Reset()
-	c.flags = flag.NewFlagSet(c.Name(), flag.ContinueOnError)
+	c.flags = flag.NewFlagSet(c.displayName(), flag.ContinueOnError)
 	c.flags.SetOutput(c.flagErrorBuf)
-	c.pflags = flag.NewFlagSet(c.Name(), flag.ContinueOnError)
+	c.pflags = flag.NewFlagSet(c.displayName(), flag.ContinueOnError)
 	c.pflags.SetOutput(c.flagErrorBuf)

 	c.lflags = nil
@ -1769,7 +1868,7 @@ func (c *Command) mergePersistentFlags() {
 // If c.parentsPflags == nil, it makes new.
 func (c *Command) updateParentsPflags() {
 	if c.parentsPflags == nil {
-		c.parentsPflags = flag.NewFlagSet(c.Name(), flag.ContinueOnError)
+		c.parentsPflags = flag.NewFlagSet(c.displayName(), flag.ContinueOnError)
 		c.parentsPflags.SetOutput(c.flagErrorBuf)
 		c.parentsPflags.SortFlags = false
 	}
--- a/command_notwin.go
+++ b/command_notwin.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/command_test.go
+++ b/command_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
@ -366,6 +366,67 @@ func TestAliasPrefixMatching(t *testing.T) {
 	EnablePrefixMatching = defaultPrefixMatching
 }

+// TestPlugin checks usage as plugin for another command such as kubectl.  The
+// executable is `kubectl-plugin`, but we run it as `kubectl plugin`. The help
+// text should reflect the way we run the command.
+func TestPlugin(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := &Command{
+		Use:  "kubectl-plugin",
+		Args: NoArgs,
+		Annotations: map[string]string{
+			CommandDisplayNameAnnotation: "kubectl plugin",
+		},
+		Run: emptyRun,
+	}
+
+	cmdHelp, err := executeCommand(cmd, "-h")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	checkStringContains(t, cmdHelp, "kubectl plugin [flags]")
+	checkStringContains(t, cmdHelp, "help for kubectl plugin")
+}
+
+// TestPlugin checks usage as plugin with sub commands.
+func TestPluginWithSubCommands(t *testing.T) {
+	rootCmd := &Command{
+		Use:  "kubectl-plugin",
+		Args: NoArgs,
+		Annotations: map[string]string{
+			CommandDisplayNameAnnotation: "kubectl plugin",
+		},
+	}
+
+	subCmd := &Command{Use: "sub [flags]", Args: NoArgs, Run: emptyRun}
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(subCmd)
+
+	rootHelp, err := executeCommand(rootCmd, "-h")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	checkStringContains(t, rootHelp, "kubectl plugin [command]")
+	checkStringContains(t, rootHelp, "help for kubectl plugin")
+	checkStringContains(t, rootHelp, "kubectl plugin [command] --help")
+
+	childHelp, err := executeCommand(rootCmd, "sub", "-h")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	checkStringContains(t, childHelp, "kubectl plugin sub [flags]")
+	checkStringContains(t, childHelp, "help for sub")
+
+	helpHelp, err := executeCommand(rootCmd, "help", "-h")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	checkStringContains(t, helpHelp, "kubectl plugin help [path to command]")
+	checkStringContains(t, helpHelp, "kubectl plugin help [command]")
+}
+
 // TestChildSameName checks the correct behaviour of cobra in cases,
 // when an application with name "foo" and with subcommand "foo"
 // is executed with args "foo foo".
@ -438,7 +499,7 @@ func TestFlagLong(t *testing.T) {

 	output, err := executeCommand(c, "--intf=7", "--sf=abc", "one", "--", "two")
 	if output != "" {
-		t.Errorf("Unexpected output: %v", err)
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected output: %v", output)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
@ -475,7 +536,7 @@ func TestFlagShort(t *testing.T) {

 	output, err := executeCommand(c, "-i", "7", "-sabc", "one", "two")
 	if output != "" {
-		t.Errorf("Unexpected output: %v", err)
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected output: %v", output)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
@ -504,7 +565,7 @@ func TestChildFlag(t *testing.T) {

 	output, err := executeCommand(rootCmd, "child", "-i7")
 	if output != "" {
-		t.Errorf("Unexpected output: %v", err)
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected output: %v", output)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
@ -1099,6 +1160,39 @@ func TestShorthandVersionTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 	checkStringContains(t, output, "customized version: 1.0.0")
 }

+func TestRootErrPrefixExecutedOnSubcommand(t *testing.T) {
+	rootCmd := &Command{Use: "root", Run: emptyRun}
+	rootCmd.SetErrPrefix("root error prefix:")
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(&Command{Use: "sub", Run: emptyRun})
+
+	output, err := executeCommand(rootCmd, "sub", "--unknown-flag")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected error")
+	}
+
+	checkStringContains(t, output, "root error prefix: unknown flag: --unknown-flag")
+}
+
+func TestRootAndSubErrPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	rootCmd := &Command{Use: "root", Run: emptyRun}
+	subCmd := &Command{Use: "sub", Run: emptyRun}
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(subCmd)
+	rootCmd.SetErrPrefix("root error prefix:")
+	subCmd.SetErrPrefix("sub error prefix:")
+
+	if output, err := executeCommand(rootCmd, "--unknown-root-flag"); err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected error")
+	} else {
+		checkStringContains(t, output, "root error prefix: unknown flag: --unknown-root-flag")
+	}
+
+	if output, err := executeCommand(rootCmd, "sub", "--unknown-sub-flag"); err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected error")
+	} else {
+		checkStringContains(t, output, "sub error prefix: unknown flag: --unknown-sub-flag")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestVersionFlagExecutedOnSubcommand(t *testing.T) {
 	rootCmd := &Command{Use: "root", Version: "1.0.0"}
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(&Command{Use: "sub", Run: emptyRun})
@ -1497,57 +1591,73 @@ func TestHooks(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestPersistentHooks(t *testing.T) {
-	var (
-		parentPersPreArgs  string
-		parentPreArgs      string
-		parentRunArgs      string
-		parentPostArgs     string
-		parentPersPostArgs string
-	)
+	EnableTraverseRunHooks = true
+	testPersistentHooks(t, []string{
+		"parent PersistentPreRun",
+		"child PersistentPreRun",
+		"child PreRun",
+		"child Run",
+		"child PostRun",
+		"child PersistentPostRun",
+		"parent PersistentPostRun",
+	})

-	var (
-		childPersPreArgs  string
-		childPreArgs      string
-		childRunArgs      string
-		childPostArgs     string
-		childPersPostArgs string
-	)
+	EnableTraverseRunHooks = false
+	testPersistentHooks(t, []string{
+		"child PersistentPreRun",
+		"child PreRun",
+		"child Run",
+		"child PostRun",
+		"child PersistentPostRun",
+	})
+}
+
+func testPersistentHooks(t *testing.T, expectedHookRunOrder []string) {
+	var hookRunOrder []string
+
+	validateHook := func(args []string, hookName string) {
+		hookRunOrder = append(hookRunOrder, hookName)
+		got := strings.Join(args, " ")
+		if onetwo != got {
+			t.Errorf("Expected %s %q, got %q", hookName, onetwo, got)
+		}
+	}

 	parentCmd := &Command{
 		Use: "parent",
 		PersistentPreRun: func(_ *Command, args []string) {
-			parentPersPreArgs = strings.Join(args, " ")
+			validateHook(args, "parent PersistentPreRun")
 		},
 		PreRun: func(_ *Command, args []string) {
-			parentPreArgs = strings.Join(args, " ")
+			validateHook(args, "parent PreRun")
 		},
 		Run: func(_ *Command, args []string) {
-			parentRunArgs = strings.Join(args, " ")
+			validateHook(args, "parent Run")
 		},
 		PostRun: func(_ *Command, args []string) {
-			parentPostArgs = strings.Join(args, " ")
+			validateHook(args, "parent PostRun")
 		},
 		PersistentPostRun: func(_ *Command, args []string) {
-			parentPersPostArgs = strings.Join(args, " ")
+			validateHook(args, "parent PersistentPostRun")
 		},
 	}

 	childCmd := &Command{
 		Use: "child",
 		PersistentPreRun: func(_ *Command, args []string) {
-			childPersPreArgs = strings.Join(args, " ")
+			validateHook(args, "child PersistentPreRun")
 		},
 		PreRun: func(_ *Command, args []string) {
-			childPreArgs = strings.Join(args, " ")
+			validateHook(args, "child PreRun")
 		},
 		Run: func(_ *Command, args []string) {
-			childRunArgs = strings.Join(args, " ")
+			validateHook(args, "child Run")
 		},
 		PostRun: func(_ *Command, args []string) {
-			childPostArgs = strings.Join(args, " ")
+			validateHook(args, "child PostRun")
 		},
 		PersistentPostRun: func(_ *Command, args []string) {
-			childPersPostArgs = strings.Join(args, " ")
+			validateHook(args, "child PersistentPostRun")
 		},
 	}
 	parentCmd.AddCommand(childCmd)
@ -1560,41 +1670,13 @@ func TestPersistentHooks(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
 	}

-	for _, v := range []struct {
-		name string
-		got  string
-	}{
-		// TODO: currently PersistentPreRun* defined in parent does not
-		// run if the matching child subcommand has PersistentPreRun.
-		// If the behavior changes (https://github.com/spf13/cobra/issues/252)
-		// this test must be fixed.
-		{"parentPersPreArgs", parentPersPreArgs},
-		{"parentPreArgs", parentPreArgs},
-		{"parentRunArgs", parentRunArgs},
-		{"parentPostArgs", parentPostArgs},
-		// TODO: currently PersistentPostRun* defined in parent does not
-		// run if the matching child subcommand has PersistentPostRun.
-		// If the behavior changes (https://github.com/spf13/cobra/issues/252)
-		// this test must be fixed.
-		{"parentPersPostArgs", parentPersPostArgs},
-	} {
-		if v.got != "" {
-			t.Errorf("Expected blank %s, got %q", v.name, v.got)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, v := range []struct {
-		name string
-		got  string
-	}{
-		{"childPersPreArgs", childPersPreArgs},
-		{"childPreArgs", childPreArgs},
-		{"childRunArgs", childRunArgs},
-		{"childPostArgs", childPostArgs},
-		{"childPersPostArgs", childPersPostArgs},
-	} {
-		if v.got != onetwo {
-			t.Errorf("Expected %s %q, got %q", v.name, onetwo, v.got)
+	for idx, exp := range expectedHookRunOrder {
+		if len(hookRunOrder) > idx {
+			if act := hookRunOrder[idx]; act != exp {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %q at %d, got %q", exp, idx, act)
+			}
+		} else {
+			t.Errorf("Expected %q at %d, got nothing", exp, idx)
 		}
 	}
 }
@ -1862,6 +1944,84 @@ func TestAddGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	checkStringContains(t, output, "\nTest group\n  cmd")
 }

+func TestWrongGroupFirstLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	var rootCmd = &Command{Use: "root", Short: "test", Run: emptyRun}
+
+	rootCmd.AddGroup(&Group{ID: "group", Title: "Test group"})
+	// Use the wrong group ID
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(&Command{Use: "cmd", GroupID: "wrong", Run: emptyRun})
+
+	defer func() {
+		if recover() == nil {
+			t.Errorf("The code should have panicked due to a missing group")
+		}
+	}()
+	_, err := executeCommand(rootCmd, "--help")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWrongGroupNestedLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	var rootCmd = &Command{Use: "root", Short: "test", Run: emptyRun}
+	var childCmd = &Command{Use: "child", Run: emptyRun}
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(childCmd)
+
+	childCmd.AddGroup(&Group{ID: "group", Title: "Test group"})
+	// Use the wrong group ID
+	childCmd.AddCommand(&Command{Use: "cmd", GroupID: "wrong", Run: emptyRun})
+
+	defer func() {
+		if recover() == nil {
+			t.Errorf("The code should have panicked due to a missing group")
+		}
+	}()
+	_, err := executeCommand(rootCmd, "child", "--help")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWrongGroupForHelp(t *testing.T) {
+	var rootCmd = &Command{Use: "root", Short: "test", Run: emptyRun}
+	var childCmd = &Command{Use: "child", Run: emptyRun}
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(childCmd)
+
+	rootCmd.AddGroup(&Group{ID: "group", Title: "Test group"})
+	// Use the wrong group ID
+	rootCmd.SetHelpCommandGroupID("wrong")
+
+	defer func() {
+		if recover() == nil {
+			t.Errorf("The code should have panicked due to a missing group")
+		}
+	}()
+	_, err := executeCommand(rootCmd, "--help")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWrongGroupForCompletion(t *testing.T) {
+	var rootCmd = &Command{Use: "root", Short: "test", Run: emptyRun}
+	var childCmd = &Command{Use: "child", Run: emptyRun}
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(childCmd)
+
+	rootCmd.AddGroup(&Group{ID: "group", Title: "Test group"})
+	// Use the wrong group ID
+	rootCmd.SetCompletionCommandGroupID("wrong")
+
+	defer func() {
+		if recover() == nil {
+			t.Errorf("The code should have panicked due to a missing group")
+		}
+	}()
+	_, err := executeCommand(rootCmd, "--help")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSetOutput(t *testing.T) {
 	c := &Command{}
 	c.SetOutput(nil)
@ -1932,12 +2092,12 @@ func TestCommandPrintRedirection(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error(err)
 	}

-	gotErrBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(errBuff)
+	gotErrBytes, err := io.ReadAll(errBuff)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 	}

-	gotOutBytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(outBuff)
+	gotOutBytes, err := io.ReadAll(outBuff)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 	}
@ -2525,3 +2685,135 @@ func TestHelpflagCommandExecutedWithoutVersionSet(t *testing.T) {
 	checkStringContains(t, output, HelpFlag)
 	checkStringOmits(t, output, VersionFlag)
 }
+
+func TestFind(t *testing.T) {
+	var foo, bar string
+	root := &Command{
+		Use: "root",
+	}
+	root.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&foo, "foo", "f", "", "")
+	root.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&bar, "bar", "b", "something", "")
+
+	child := &Command{
+		Use: "child",
+	}
+	root.AddCommand(child)
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		args              []string
+		expectedFoundArgs []string
+	}{
+		{
+			[]string{"child"},
+			[]string{},
+		},
+		{
+			[]string{"child", "child"},
+			[]string{"child"},
+		},
+		{
+			[]string{"child", "foo", "child", "bar", "child", "baz", "child"},
+			[]string{"foo", "child", "bar", "child", "baz", "child"},
+		},
+		{
+			[]string{"-f", "child", "child"},
+			[]string{"-f", "child"},
+		},
+		{
+			[]string{"child", "-f", "child"},
+			[]string{"-f", "child"},
+		},
+		{
+			[]string{"-b", "child", "child"},
+			[]string{"-b", "child"},
+		},
+		{
+			[]string{"child", "-b", "child"},
+			[]string{"-b", "child"},
+		},
+		{
+			[]string{"child", "-b"},
+			[]string{"-b"},
+		},
+		{
+			[]string{"-b", "-f", "child", "child"},
+			[]string{"-b", "-f", "child"},
+		},
+		{
+			[]string{"-f", "child", "-b", "something", "child"},
+			[]string{"-f", "child", "-b", "something"},
+		},
+		{
+			[]string{"-f", "child", "child", "-b"},
+			[]string{"-f", "child", "-b"},
+		},
+		{
+			[]string{"-f=child", "-b=something", "child"},
+			[]string{"-f=child", "-b=something"},
+		},
+		{
+			[]string{"--foo", "child", "--bar", "something", "child"},
+			[]string{"--foo", "child", "--bar", "something"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%v", tc.args), func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd, foundArgs, err := root.Find(tc.args)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			if cmd != child {
+				t.Fatal("Expected cmd to be child, but it was not")
+			}
+
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(tc.expectedFoundArgs, foundArgs) {
+				t.Fatalf("Wrong args\nExpected: %v\nGot: %v", tc.expectedFoundArgs, foundArgs)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUnknownFlagShouldReturnSameErrorRegardlessOfArgPosition(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := [][]string{
+		// {"--unknown", "--namespace", "foo", "child", "--bar"}, // FIXME: This test case fails, returning the error `unknown command "foo" for "root"` instead of the expected error `unknown flag: --unknown`
+		{"--namespace", "foo", "--unknown", "child", "--bar"},
+		{"--namespace", "foo", "child", "--unknown", "--bar"},
+		{"--namespace", "foo", "child", "--bar", "--unknown"},
+
+		{"--unknown", "--namespace=foo", "child", "--bar"},
+		{"--namespace=foo", "--unknown", "child", "--bar"},
+		{"--namespace=foo", "child", "--unknown", "--bar"},
+		{"--namespace=foo", "child", "--bar", "--unknown"},
+
+		{"--unknown", "--namespace=foo", "child", "--bar=true"},
+		{"--namespace=foo", "--unknown", "child", "--bar=true"},
+		{"--namespace=foo", "child", "--unknown", "--bar=true"},
+		{"--namespace=foo", "child", "--bar=true", "--unknown"},
+	}
+
+	root := &Command{
+		Use: "root",
+		Run: emptyRun,
+	}
+	root.PersistentFlags().String("namespace", "", "a string flag")
+
+	c := &Command{
+		Use: "child",
+		Run: emptyRun,
+	}
+	c.Flags().Bool("bar", false, "a boolean flag")
+
+	root.AddCommand(c)
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(strings.Join(tc, " "), func(t *testing.T) {
+			output, err := executeCommand(root, tc...)
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Error("expected unknown flag error")
+			}
+			checkStringContains(t, output, "unknown flag: --unknown")
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/command_win.go
+++ b/command_win.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/completions.go
+++ b/completions.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ package cobra
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"

@ -77,6 +79,10 @@ const (
 	// obtain the same behavior but only for flags.
 	ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs

+	// ShellCompDirectiveKeepOrder indicates that the shell should preserve the order
+	// in which the completions are provided
+	ShellCompDirectiveKeepOrder
+
 	// ===========================================================================

 	// All directives using iota should be above this one.
@ -141,6 +147,20 @@ func (c *Command) RegisterFlagCompletionFunc(flagName string, f func(cmd *Comman
 	return nil
 }

+// GetFlagCompletionFunc returns the completion function for the given flag of the command, if available.
+func (c *Command) GetFlagCompletionFunc(flagName string) (func(*Command, []string, string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective), bool) {
+	flag := c.Flag(flagName)
+	if flag == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	flagCompletionMutex.RLock()
+	defer flagCompletionMutex.RUnlock()
+
+	completionFunc, exists := flagCompletionFunctions[flag]
+	return completionFunc, exists
+}
+
 // Returns a string listing the different directive enabled in the specified parameter
 func (d ShellCompDirective) string() string {
 	var directives []string
@ -159,6 +179,9 @@ func (d ShellCompDirective) string() string {
 	if d&ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs != 0 {
 		directives = append(directives, "ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs")
 	}
+	if d&ShellCompDirectiveKeepOrder != 0 {
+		directives = append(directives, "ShellCompDirectiveKeepOrder")
+	}
 	if len(directives) == 0 {
 		directives = append(directives, "ShellCompDirectiveDefault")
 	}
@ -169,7 +192,7 @@ func (d ShellCompDirective) string() string {
 	return strings.Join(directives, ", ")
 }

-// Adds a special hidden command that can be used to request custom completions.
+// initCompleteCmd adds a special hidden command that can be used to request custom completions.
 func (c *Command) initCompleteCmd(args []string) {
 	completeCmd := &Command{
 		Use:                   fmt.Sprintf("%s [command-line]", ShellCompRequestCmd),
@ -190,24 +213,29 @@ func (c *Command) initCompleteCmd(args []string) {
 				// 2- Even without completions, we need to print the directive
 			}

-			noDescriptions := (cmd.CalledAs() == ShellCompNoDescRequestCmd)
+			noDescriptions := cmd.CalledAs() == ShellCompNoDescRequestCmd
+			if !noDescriptions {
+				if doDescriptions, err := strconv.ParseBool(getEnvConfig(cmd, configEnvVarSuffixDescriptions)); err == nil {
+					noDescriptions = !doDescriptions
+				}
+			}
+			noActiveHelp := GetActiveHelpConfig(finalCmd) == activeHelpGlobalDisable
+			out := finalCmd.OutOrStdout()
 			for _, comp := range completions {
-				if GetActiveHelpConfig(finalCmd) == activeHelpGlobalDisable {
-					// Remove all activeHelp entries in this case
-					if strings.HasPrefix(comp, activeHelpMarker) {
-						continue
-					}
+				if noActiveHelp && strings.HasPrefix(comp, activeHelpMarker) {
+					// Remove all activeHelp entries if it's disabled.
+					continue
 				}
 				if noDescriptions {
 					// Remove any description that may be included following a tab character.
-					comp = strings.Split(comp, "\t")[0]
+					comp = strings.SplitN(comp, "\t", 2)[0]
 				}

 				// Make sure we only write the first line to the output.
 				// This is needed if a description contains a linebreak.
 				// Otherwise the shell scripts will interpret the other lines as new flags
 				// and could therefore provide a wrong completion.
-				comp = strings.Split(comp, "\n")[0]
+				comp = strings.SplitN(comp, "\n", 2)[0]

 				// Finally trim the completion.  This is especially important to get rid
 				// of a trailing tab when there are no description following it.
@ -216,14 +244,14 @@ func (c *Command) initCompleteCmd(args []string) {
 				// although there is no description).
 				comp = strings.TrimSpace(comp)

-				// Print each possible completion to stdout for the completion script to consume.
-				fmt.Fprintln(finalCmd.OutOrStdout(), comp)
+				// Print each possible completion to the output for the completion script to consume.
+				fmt.Fprintln(out, comp)
 			}

 			// As the last printout, print the completion directive for the completion script to parse.
 			// The directive integer must be that last character following a single colon (:).
 			// The completion script expects :<directive>
-			fmt.Fprintf(finalCmd.OutOrStdout(), ":%d\n", directive)
+			fmt.Fprintf(out, ":%d\n", directive)

 			// Print some helpful info to stderr for the user to understand.
 			// Output from stderr must be ignored by the completion script.
@ -270,15 +298,19 @@ func (c *Command) getCompletions(args []string) (*Command, []string, ShellCompDi
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		// Unable to find the real command. E.g., <program> someInvalidCmd <TAB>
-		return c, []string{}, ShellCompDirectiveDefault, fmt.Errorf("Unable to find a command for arguments: %v", trimmedArgs)
+		return c, []string{}, ShellCompDirectiveDefault, fmt.Errorf("unable to find a command for arguments: %v", trimmedArgs)
 	}
 	finalCmd.ctx = c.ctx

 	// These flags are normally added when `execute()` is called on `finalCmd`,
 	// however, when doing completion, we don't call `finalCmd.execute()`.
-	// Let's add the --help and --version flag ourselves.
-	finalCmd.InitDefaultHelpFlag()
-	finalCmd.InitDefaultVersionFlag()
+	// Let's add the --help and --version flag ourselves but only if the finalCmd
+	// has not disabled flag parsing; if flag parsing is disabled, it is up to the
+	// finalCmd itself to handle the completion of *all* flags.
+	if !finalCmd.DisableFlagParsing {
+		finalCmd.InitDefaultHelpFlag()
+		finalCmd.InitDefaultVersionFlag()
+	}

 	// Check if we are doing flag value completion before parsing the flags.
 	// This is important because if we are completing a flag value, we need to also
@ -382,6 +414,11 @@ func (c *Command) getCompletions(args []string) (*Command, []string, ShellCompDi
 			finalCmd.InheritedFlags().VisitAll(func(flag *pflag.Flag) {
 				doCompleteFlags(flag)
 			})
+			// Try to complete non-inherited flags even if DisableFlagParsing==true.
+			// This allows programs to tell Cobra about flags for completion even
+			// if the actual parsing of flags is not done by Cobra.
+			// For instance, Helm uses this to provide flag name completion for
+			// some of its plugins.
 			finalCmd.NonInheritedFlags().VisitAll(func(flag *pflag.Flag) {
 				doCompleteFlags(flag)
 			})
@ -727,7 +764,7 @@ to enable it.  You can execute the following once:

 To load completions in your current shell session:

-	source <(%[1]s completion zsh); compdef _%[1]s %[1]s
+	source <(%[1]s completion zsh)

 To load completions for every new session, execute once:

@ -869,3 +906,34 @@ func CompError(msg string) {
 func CompErrorln(msg string) {
 	CompError(fmt.Sprintf("%s\n", msg))
 }
+
+// These values should not be changed: users will be using them explicitly.
+const (
+	configEnvVarGlobalPrefix       = "COBRA"
+	configEnvVarSuffixDescriptions = "COMPLETION_DESCRIPTIONS"
+)
+
+var configEnvVarPrefixSubstRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`[^A-Z0-9_]`)
+
+// configEnvVar returns the name of the program-specific configuration environment
+// variable.  It has the format <PROGRAM>_<SUFFIX> where <PROGRAM> is the name of the
+// root command in upper case, with all non-ASCII-alphanumeric characters replaced by `_`.
+func configEnvVar(name, suffix string) string {
+	// This format should not be changed: users will be using it explicitly.
+	v := strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", name, suffix))
+	v = configEnvVarPrefixSubstRegexp.ReplaceAllString(v, "_")
+	return v
+}
+
+// getEnvConfig returns the value of the configuration environment variable
+// <PROGRAM>_<SUFFIX> where <PROGRAM> is the name of the root command in upper
+// case, with all non-ASCII-alphanumeric characters replaced by `_`.
+// If the value is empty or not set, the value of the environment variable
+// COBRA_<SUFFIX> is returned instead.
+func getEnvConfig(cmd *Command, suffix string) string {
+	v := os.Getenv(configEnvVar(cmd.Root().Name(), suffix))
+	if v == "" {
+		v = os.Getenv(configEnvVar(configEnvVarGlobalPrefix, suffix))
+	}
+	return v
+}
--- a/completions_test.go
+++ b/completions_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -17,7 +17,10 @@ package cobra
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 )

@ -2040,6 +2043,114 @@ func TestFlagCompletionWorksRootCommandAddedAfterFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestFlagCompletionForPersistentFlagsCalledFromSubCmd(t *testing.T) {
+	rootCmd := &Command{Use: "root", Run: emptyRun}
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().String("string", "", "test string flag")
+	_ = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("string", func(cmd *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective) {
+		return []string{"myval"}, ShellCompDirectiveDefault
+	})
+
+	childCmd := &Command{
+		Use: "child",
+		Run: emptyRun,
+		ValidArgsFunction: func(cmd *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective) {
+			return []string{"--validarg", "test"}, ShellCompDirectiveDefault
+		},
+	}
+	childCmd.Flags().Bool("bool", false, "test bool flag")
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(childCmd)
+
+	// Test that persistent flag completion works for the subcmd
+	output, err := executeCommand(rootCmd, ShellCompRequestCmd, "child", "--string", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	expected := strings.Join([]string{
+		"myval",
+		":0",
+		"Completion ended with directive: ShellCompDirectiveDefault", ""}, "\n")
+
+	if output != expected {
+		t.Errorf("expected: %q, got: %q", expected, output)
+	}
+}
+
+// This test tries to register flag completion concurrently to make sure the
+// code handles concurrency properly.
+// This was reported as a problem when tests are run concurrently:
+// https://github.com/spf13/cobra/issues/1320
+//
+// NOTE: this test can sometimes pass even if the code were to not handle
+// concurrency properly. This is not great but the important part is that
+// it should never fail.  Therefore, if the tests fails sometimes, we will
+// still be able to know there is a problem.
+func TestFlagCompletionConcurrentRegistration(t *testing.T) {
+	rootCmd := &Command{Use: "root", Run: emptyRun}
+	const maxFlags = 50
+	for i := 1; i < maxFlags; i += 2 {
+		flagName := fmt.Sprintf("flag%d", i)
+		rootCmd.Flags().String(flagName, "", fmt.Sprintf("test %s flag on root", flagName))
+	}
+
+	childCmd := &Command{
+		Use: "child",
+		Run: emptyRun,
+	}
+	for i := 2; i <= maxFlags; i += 2 {
+		flagName := fmt.Sprintf("flag%d", i)
+		childCmd.Flags().String(flagName, "", fmt.Sprintf("test %s flag on child", flagName))
+	}
+
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(childCmd)
+
+	// Register completion in different threads to test concurrency.
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 1; i <= maxFlags; i++ {
+		index := i
+		flagName := fmt.Sprintf("flag%d", i)
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			cmd := rootCmd
+			if index%2 == 0 {
+				cmd = childCmd
+			}
+			_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc(flagName, func(cmd *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective) {
+				return []string{fmt.Sprintf("flag%d", index)}, ShellCompDirectiveDefault
+			})
+		}()
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	// Test that flag completion works for each flag
+	for i := 1; i <= 6; i++ {
+		var output string
+		var err error
+		flagName := fmt.Sprintf("flag%d", i)
+
+		if i%2 == 1 {
+			output, err = executeCommand(rootCmd, ShellCompRequestCmd, "--"+flagName, "")
+		} else {
+			output, err = executeCommand(rootCmd, ShellCompRequestCmd, "child", "--"+flagName, "")
+		}
+
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		expected := strings.Join([]string{
+			flagName,
+			":0",
+			"Completion ended with directive: ShellCompDirectiveDefault", ""}, "\n")
+
+		if output != expected {
+			t.Errorf("expected: %q, got: %q", expected, output)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestFlagCompletionInGoWithDesc(t *testing.T) {
 	rootCmd := &Command{
 		Use: "root",
@ -2622,8 +2733,6 @@ func TestCompleteWithDisableFlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	expected := strings.Join([]string{
 		"--persistent",
 		"-p",
-		"--help",
-		"-h",
 		"--nonPersistent",
 		"-n",
 		"--flag",
@ -2830,6 +2939,104 @@ func TestCompletionForGroupedFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestCompletionForOneRequiredGroupFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	getCmd := func() *Command {
+		rootCmd := &Command{
+			Use: "root",
+			Run: emptyRun,
+		}
+		childCmd := &Command{
+			Use: "child",
+			ValidArgsFunction: func(cmd *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective) {
+				return []string{"subArg"}, ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+			},
+			Run: emptyRun,
+		}
+		rootCmd.AddCommand(childCmd)
+
+		rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Int("ingroup1", -1, "ingroup1")
+		rootCmd.PersistentFlags().String("ingroup2", "", "ingroup2")
+
+		childCmd.Flags().Bool("ingroup3", false, "ingroup3")
+		childCmd.Flags().Bool("nogroup", false, "nogroup")
+
+		// Add flags to a group
+		childCmd.MarkFlagsOneRequired("ingroup1", "ingroup2", "ingroup3")
+
+		return rootCmd
+	}
+
+	// Each test case uses a unique command from the function above.
+	testcases := []struct {
+		desc           string
+		args           []string
+		expectedOutput string
+	}{
+		{
+			desc: "flags in group suggested without - prefix",
+			args: []string{"child", ""},
+			expectedOutput: strings.Join([]string{
+				"--ingroup1",
+				"--ingroup2",
+				"--ingroup3",
+				"subArg",
+				":4",
+				"Completion ended with directive: ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp", ""}, "\n"),
+		},
+		{
+			desc: "flags in group suggested with - prefix",
+			args: []string{"child", "-"},
+			expectedOutput: strings.Join([]string{
+				"--ingroup1",
+				"--ingroup2",
+				"--ingroup3",
+				":4",
+				"Completion ended with directive: ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp", ""}, "\n"),
+		},
+		{
+			desc: "when any flag in group present, other flags in group not suggested without - prefix",
+			args: []string{"child", "--ingroup2", "value", ""},
+			expectedOutput: strings.Join([]string{
+				"subArg",
+				":4",
+				"Completion ended with directive: ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp", ""}, "\n"),
+		},
+		{
+			desc: "when all flags in group present, flags not suggested without - prefix",
+			args: []string{"child", "--ingroup1", "8", "--ingroup2", "value2", "--ingroup3", ""},
+			expectedOutput: strings.Join([]string{
+				"subArg",
+				":4",
+				"Completion ended with directive: ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp", ""}, "\n"),
+		},
+		{
+			desc: "group ignored if some flags not applicable",
+			args: []string{"--ingroup2", "value", ""},
+			expectedOutput: strings.Join([]string{
+				"child",
+				"completion",
+				"help",
+				":4",
+				"Completion ended with directive: ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp", ""}, "\n"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testcases {
+		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
+			c := getCmd()
+			args := []string{ShellCompNoDescRequestCmd}
+			args = append(args, tc.args...)
+			output, err := executeCommand(c, args...)
+			switch {
+			case err == nil && output != tc.expectedOutput:
+				t.Errorf("expected: %q, got: %q", tc.expectedOutput, output)
+			case err != nil:
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected error %q", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCompletionForMutuallyExclusiveFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	getCmd := func() *Command {
 		rootCmd := &Command{
@ -2955,8 +3162,26 @@ func TestCompletionCobraFlags(t *testing.T) {
 				return []string{"extra3"}, ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
 			},
 		}
+		childCmd4 := &Command{
+			Use:     "child4",
+			Version: "1.1.1",
+			Run:     emptyRun,
+			ValidArgsFunction: func(cmd *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective) {
+				return []string{"extra4"}, ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+			},
+			DisableFlagParsing: true,
+		}
+		childCmd5 := &Command{
+			Use:     "child5",
+			Version: "1.1.1",
+			Run:     emptyRun,
+			ValidArgsFunction: func(cmd *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective) {
+				return []string{"extra5"}, ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+			},
+			DisableFlagParsing: true,
+		}

-		rootCmd.AddCommand(childCmd, childCmd2, childCmd3)
+		rootCmd.AddCommand(childCmd, childCmd2, childCmd3, childCmd4, childCmd5)

 		_ = childCmd.Flags().Bool("bool", false, "A bool flag")
 		_ = childCmd.MarkFlagRequired("bool")
@ -2968,6 +3193,10 @@ func TestCompletionCobraFlags(t *testing.T) {
 		// Have a command that only adds its own -v flag
 		_ = childCmd3.Flags().BoolP("verbose", "v", false, "Not a version flag")

+		// Have a command that DisablesFlagParsing but that also adds its own help and version flags
+		_ = childCmd5.Flags().BoolP("help", "h", false, "My own help")
+		_ = childCmd5.Flags().BoolP("version", "v", false, "My own version")
+
 		return rootCmd
 	}

@ -3098,6 +3327,26 @@ func TestCompletionCobraFlags(t *testing.T) {
 				":4",
 				"Completion ended with directive: ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp", ""}, "\n"),
 		},
+		{
+			desc: "no completion for --help/-h and --version/-v flags when DisableFlagParsing=true",
+			args: []string{"child4", "-"},
+			expectedOutput: strings.Join([]string{
+				"extra4",
+				":4",
+				"Completion ended with directive: ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp", ""}, "\n"),
+		},
+		{
+			desc: "completions for program-defined --help/-h and --version/-v flags even when DisableFlagParsing=true",
+			args: []string{"child5", "-"},
+			expectedOutput: strings.Join([]string{
+				"--help",
+				"-h",
+				"--version",
+				"-v",
+				"extra5",
+				":4",
+				"Completion ended with directive: ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp", ""}, "\n"),
+		},
 	}

 	for _, tc := range testcases {
@ -3115,3 +3364,348 @@ func TestCompletionCobraFlags(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestArgsNotDetectedAsFlagsCompletionInGo(t *testing.T) {
+	// Regression test that ensures the bug described in
+	// https://github.com/spf13/cobra/issues/1816 does not occur anymore.
+
+	root := Command{
+		Use: "root",
+		ValidArgsFunction: func(cmd *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective) {
+			return []string{"service", "1-123", "11-123"}, ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+		},
+	}
+
+	completion := `service
+1-123
+11-123
+:4
+Completion ended with directive: ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+`
+
+	testcases := []struct {
+		desc           string
+		args           []string
+		expectedOutput string
+	}{
+		{
+			desc:           "empty",
+			args:           []string{""},
+			expectedOutput: completion,
+		},
+		{
+			desc:           "service only",
+			args:           []string{"service", ""},
+			expectedOutput: completion,
+		},
+		{
+			desc:           "service last",
+			args:           []string{"1-123", "service", ""},
+			expectedOutput: completion,
+		},
+		{
+			desc:           "two digit prefixed dash last",
+			args:           []string{"service", "11-123", ""},
+			expectedOutput: completion,
+		},
+		{
+			desc:           "one digit prefixed dash last",
+			args:           []string{"service", "1-123", ""},
+			expectedOutput: completion,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range testcases {
+		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
+			args := []string{ShellCompNoDescRequestCmd}
+			args = append(args, tc.args...)
+			output, err := executeCommand(&root, args...)
+			switch {
+			case err == nil && output != tc.expectedOutput:
+				t.Errorf("expected: %q, got: %q", tc.expectedOutput, output)
+			case err != nil:
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected error %q", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetFlagCompletion(t *testing.T) {
+	rootCmd := &Command{Use: "root", Run: emptyRun}
+
+	rootCmd.Flags().String("rootflag", "", "root flag")
+	_ = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("rootflag", func(cmd *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective) {
+		return []string{"rootvalue"}, ShellCompDirectiveKeepOrder
+	})
+
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().String("persistentflag", "", "persistent flag")
+	_ = rootCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("persistentflag", func(cmd *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective) {
+		return []string{"persistentvalue"}, ShellCompDirectiveDefault
+	})
+
+	childCmd := &Command{Use: "child", Run: emptyRun}
+
+	childCmd.Flags().String("childflag", "", "child flag")
+	_ = childCmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("childflag", func(cmd *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective) {
+		return []string{"childvalue"}, ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp | ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace
+	})
+
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(childCmd)
+
+	testcases := []struct {
+		desc      string
+		cmd       *Command
+		flagName  string
+		exists    bool
+		comps     []string
+		directive ShellCompDirective
+	}{
+		{
+			desc:      "get flag completion function for command",
+			cmd:       rootCmd,
+			flagName:  "rootflag",
+			exists:    true,
+			comps:     []string{"rootvalue"},
+			directive: ShellCompDirectiveKeepOrder,
+		},
+		{
+			desc:      "get persistent flag completion function for command",
+			cmd:       rootCmd,
+			flagName:  "persistentflag",
+			exists:    true,
+			comps:     []string{"persistentvalue"},
+			directive: ShellCompDirectiveDefault,
+		},
+		{
+			desc:      "get flag completion function for child command",
+			cmd:       childCmd,
+			flagName:  "childflag",
+			exists:    true,
+			comps:     []string{"childvalue"},
+			directive: ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp | ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace,
+		},
+		{
+			desc:      "get persistent flag completion function for child command",
+			cmd:       childCmd,
+			flagName:  "persistentflag",
+			exists:    true,
+			comps:     []string{"persistentvalue"},
+			directive: ShellCompDirectiveDefault,
+		},
+		{
+			desc:     "cannot get flag completion function for local parent flag",
+			cmd:      childCmd,
+			flagName: "rootflag",
+			exists:   false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testcases {
+		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
+			compFunc, exists := tc.cmd.GetFlagCompletionFunc(tc.flagName)
+			if tc.exists != exists {
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected result looking for flag completion function")
+			}
+
+			if exists {
+				comps, directive := compFunc(tc.cmd, []string{}, "")
+				if strings.Join(tc.comps, " ") != strings.Join(comps, " ") {
+					t.Errorf("Unexpected completions %q", comps)
+				}
+				if tc.directive != directive {
+					t.Errorf("Unexpected directive %q", directive)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetEnvConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		desc      string
+		use       string
+		suffix    string
+		cmdVar    string
+		globalVar string
+		cmdVal    string
+		globalVal string
+		expected  string
+	}{
+		{
+			desc:      "Command envvar overrides global",
+			use:       "root",
+			suffix:    "test",
+			cmdVar:    "ROOT_TEST",
+			globalVar: "COBRA_TEST",
+			cmdVal:    "cmd",
+			globalVal: "global",
+			expected:  "cmd",
+		},
+		{
+			desc:      "Missing/empty command envvar falls back to global",
+			use:       "root",
+			suffix:    "test",
+			cmdVar:    "ROOT_TEST",
+			globalVar: "COBRA_TEST",
+			cmdVal:    "",
+			globalVal: "global",
+			expected:  "global",
+		},
+		{
+			desc:      "Missing/empty command and global envvars fall back to empty",
+			use:       "root",
+			suffix:    "test",
+			cmdVar:    "ROOT_TEST",
+			globalVar: "COBRA_TEST",
+			cmdVal:    "",
+			globalVal: "",
+			expected:  "",
+		},
+		{
+			desc:      "Periods in command use transform to underscores in env var name",
+			use:       "foo.bar",
+			suffix:    "test",
+			cmdVar:    "FOO_BAR_TEST",
+			globalVar: "COBRA_TEST",
+			cmdVal:    "cmd",
+			globalVal: "global",
+			expected:  "cmd",
+		},
+		{
+			desc:      "Dashes in command use transform to underscores in env var name",
+			use:       "quux-BAZ",
+			suffix:    "test",
+			cmdVar:    "QUUX_BAZ_TEST",
+			globalVar: "COBRA_TEST",
+			cmdVal:    "cmd",
+			globalVal: "global",
+			expected:  "cmd",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Could make env handling cleaner with t.Setenv with Go >= 1.17
+			err := os.Setenv(tc.cmdVar, tc.cmdVal)
+			defer func() {
+				assertNoErr(t, os.Unsetenv(tc.cmdVar))
+			}()
+			assertNoErr(t, err)
+			err = os.Setenv(tc.globalVar, tc.globalVal)
+			defer func() {
+				assertNoErr(t, os.Unsetenv(tc.globalVar))
+			}()
+			assertNoErr(t, err)
+			cmd := &Command{Use: tc.use}
+			got := getEnvConfig(cmd, tc.suffix)
+			if got != tc.expected {
+				t.Errorf("expected: %q, got: %q", tc.expected, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDisableDescriptions(t *testing.T) {
+	rootCmd := &Command{
+		Use: "root",
+		Run: emptyRun,
+	}
+
+	childCmd := &Command{
+		Use:   "thechild",
+		Short: "The child command",
+		Run:   emptyRun,
+	}
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(childCmd)
+
+	specificDescriptionsEnvVar := configEnvVar(rootCmd.Name(), configEnvVarSuffixDescriptions)
+	globalDescriptionsEnvVar := configEnvVar(configEnvVarGlobalPrefix, configEnvVarSuffixDescriptions)
+
+	const (
+		descLineWithDescription    = "first\tdescription"
+		descLineWithoutDescription = "first"
+	)
+	childCmd.ValidArgsFunction = func(cmd *Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, ShellCompDirective) {
+		comps := []string{descLineWithDescription}
+		return comps, ShellCompDirectiveDefault
+	}
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		desc             string
+		globalEnvValue   string
+		specificEnvValue string
+		expectedLine     string
+	}{
+		{
+			"No env variables set",
+			"",
+			"",
+			descLineWithDescription,
+		},
+		{
+			"Global value false",
+			"false",
+			"",
+			descLineWithoutDescription,
+		},
+		{
+			"Specific value false",
+			"",
+			"false",
+			descLineWithoutDescription,
+		},
+		{
+			"Both values false",
+			"false",
+			"false",
+			descLineWithoutDescription,
+		},
+		{
+			"Both values true",
+			"true",
+			"true",
+			descLineWithDescription,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if err := os.Setenv(specificDescriptionsEnvVar, tc.specificEnvValue); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected error setting %s: %v", specificDescriptionsEnvVar, err)
+			}
+			if err := os.Setenv(globalDescriptionsEnvVar, tc.globalEnvValue); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected error setting %s: %v", globalDescriptionsEnvVar, err)
+			}
+
+			var run = func() {
+				output, err := executeCommand(rootCmd, ShellCompRequestCmd, "thechild", "")
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+				}
+
+				expected := strings.Join([]string{
+					tc.expectedLine,
+					":0",
+					"Completion ended with directive: ShellCompDirectiveDefault", ""}, "\n")
+				if output != expected {
+					t.Errorf("expected: %q, got: %q", expected, output)
+				}
+			}
+
+			run()
+
+			// For empty cases, test also unset state
+			if tc.specificEnvValue == "" {
+				if err := os.Unsetenv(specificDescriptionsEnvVar); err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Unexpected error unsetting %s: %v", specificDescriptionsEnvVar, err)
+				}
+				run()
+			}
+			if tc.globalEnvValue == "" {
+				if err := os.Unsetenv(globalDescriptionsEnvVar); err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Unexpected error unsetting %s: %v", globalDescriptionsEnvVar, err)
+				}
+				run()
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/doc/cmd_test.go
+++ b/doc/cmd_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/doc/man_docs.go
+++ b/doc/man_docs.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func fillHeader(header *GenManHeader, name string, disableAutoGen bool) error {
 		}
 		header.Date = &now
 	}
-	header.date = (*header.Date).Format("Jan 2006")
+	header.date = header.Date.Format("Jan 2006")
 	if header.Source == "" && !disableAutoGen {
 		header.Source = "Auto generated by spf13/cobra"
 	}
--- a/doc/man_docs_test.go
+++ b/doc/man_docs_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func TestGenManSeeAlso(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestManPrintFlagsHidesShortDeperecated(t *testing.T) {
+func TestManPrintFlagsHidesShortDeprecated(t *testing.T) {
 	c := &cobra.Command{}
 	c.Flags().StringP("foo", "f", "default", "Foo flag")
 	assertNoErr(t, c.Flags().MarkShorthandDeprecated("foo", "don't use it no more"))
--- a/doc/man_examples_test.go
+++ b/doc/man_examples_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/doc/md_docs.go
+++ b/doc/md_docs.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

+const markdownExtension = ".md"
+
 func printOptions(buf *bytes.Buffer, cmd *cobra.Command, name string) error {
 	flags := cmd.NonInheritedFlags()
 	flags.SetOutput(buf)
@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ func GenMarkdownCustom(cmd *cobra.Command, w io.Writer, linkHandler func(string)
 		if cmd.HasParent() {
 			parent := cmd.Parent()
 			pname := parent.CommandPath()
-			link := pname + ".md"
+			link := pname + markdownExtension
 			link = strings.ReplaceAll(link, " ", "_")
 			buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("* [%s](%s)\t - %s\n", pname, linkHandler(link), parent.Short))
 			cmd.VisitParents(func(c *cobra.Command) {
@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ func GenMarkdownCustom(cmd *cobra.Command, w io.Writer, linkHandler func(string)
 				continue
 			}
 			cname := name + " " + child.Name()
-			link := cname + ".md"
+			link := cname + markdownExtension
 			link = strings.ReplaceAll(link, " ", "_")
 			buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("* [%s](%s)\t - %s\n", cname, linkHandler(link), child.Short))
 		}
@ -126,7 +128,7 @@ func GenMarkdownTree(cmd *cobra.Command, dir string) error {
 	return GenMarkdownTreeCustom(cmd, dir, emptyStr, identity)
 }

-// GenMarkdownTreeCustom is the the same as GenMarkdownTree, but
+// GenMarkdownTreeCustom is the same as GenMarkdownTree, but
 // with custom filePrepender and linkHandler.
 func GenMarkdownTreeCustom(cmd *cobra.Command, dir string, filePrepender, linkHandler func(string) string) error {
 	for _, c := range cmd.Commands() {
@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ func GenMarkdownTreeCustom(cmd *cobra.Command, dir string, filePrepender, linkHa
 		}
 	}

-	basename := strings.ReplaceAll(cmd.CommandPath(), " ", "_") + ".md"
+	basename := strings.ReplaceAll(cmd.CommandPath(), " ", "_") + markdownExtension
 	filename := filepath.Join(dir, basename)
 	f, err := os.Create(filename)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/doc/md_docs_test.go
+++ b/doc/md_docs_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/doc/rest_docs.go
+++ b/doc/rest_docs.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func printOptionsReST(buf *bytes.Buffer, cmd *cobra.Command, name string) error
 	return nil
 }

-// linkHandler for default ReST hyperlink markup
+// defaultLinkHandler for default ReST hyperlink markup
 func defaultLinkHandler(name, ref string) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("`%s <%s.rst>`_", name, ref)
 }
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func GenReSTTree(cmd *cobra.Command, dir string) error {
 	return GenReSTTreeCustom(cmd, dir, emptyStr, defaultLinkHandler)
 }

-// GenReSTTreeCustom is the the same as GenReSTTree, but
+// GenReSTTreeCustom is the same as GenReSTTree, but
 // with custom filePrepender and linkHandler.
 func GenReSTTreeCustom(cmd *cobra.Command, dir string, filePrepender func(string) string, linkHandler func(string, string) string) error {
 	for _, c := range cmd.Commands() {
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ func GenReSTTreeCustom(cmd *cobra.Command, dir string, filePrepender func(string
 	return nil
 }

-// adapted from: https://github.com/kr/text/blob/main/indent.go
+// indentString adapted from: https://github.com/kr/text/blob/main/indent.go
 func indentString(s, p string) string {
 	var res []byte
 	b := []byte(s)
--- a/doc/rest_docs_test.go
+++ b/doc/rest_docs_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/doc/util.go
+++ b/doc/util.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func hasSeeAlso(cmd *cobra.Command) bool {
 // that do not contain \n.
 func forceMultiLine(s string) string {
 	if len(s) > 60 && !strings.Contains(s, "\n") {
-		s = s + "\n"
+		s += "\n"
 	}
 	return s
 }
--- a/doc/yaml_docs.go
+++ b/doc/yaml_docs.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/doc/yaml_docs_test.go
+++ b/doc/yaml_docs_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/fish_completions.go
+++ b/fish_completions.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ function __%[1]s_perform_completion
    __%[1]s_debug "last arg: $lastArg"

    # Disable ActiveHelp which is not supported for fish shell
-    set -l requestComp "%[9]s=0 $args[1] %[3]s $args[2..-1] $lastArg"
+    set -l requestComp "%[10]s=0 $args[1] %[3]s $args[2..-1] $lastArg"

    __%[1]s_debug "Calling $requestComp"
    set -l results (eval $requestComp 2> /dev/null)
@ -89,6 +89,60 @@ function __%[1]s_perform_completion
    printf "%%s\n" "$directiveLine"
 end

+# this function limits calls to __%[1]s_perform_completion, by caching the result behind $__%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result
+function __%[1]s_perform_completion_once
+    __%[1]s_debug "Starting __%[1]s_perform_completion_once"
+
+    if test -n "$__%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result"
+        __%[1]s_debug "Seems like a valid result already exists, skipping __%[1]s_perform_completion"
+        return 0
+    end
+
+    set --global __%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result (__%[1]s_perform_completion)
+    if test -z "$__%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result"
+        __%[1]s_debug "No completions, probably due to a failure"
+        return 1
+    end
+
+    __%[1]s_debug "Performed completions and set __%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result"
+    return 0
+end
+
+# this function is used to clear the $__%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result variable after completions are run
+function __%[1]s_clear_perform_completion_once_result
+    __%[1]s_debug ""
+    __%[1]s_debug "========= clearing previously set __%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result variable =========="
+    set --erase __%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result
+    __%[1]s_debug "Successfully erased the variable __%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result"
+end
+
+function __%[1]s_requires_order_preservation
+    __%[1]s_debug ""
+    __%[1]s_debug "========= checking if order preservation is required =========="
+
+    __%[1]s_perform_completion_once
+    if test -z "$__%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result"
+        __%[1]s_debug "Error determining if order preservation is required"
+        return 1
+    end
+
+    set -l directive (string sub --start 2 $__%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result[-1])
+    __%[1]s_debug "Directive is: $directive"
+
+    set -l shellCompDirectiveKeepOrder %[9]d
+    set -l keeporder (math (math --scale 0 $directive / $shellCompDirectiveKeepOrder) %% 2)
+    __%[1]s_debug "Keeporder is: $keeporder"
+
+    if test $keeporder -ne 0
+        __%[1]s_debug "This does require order preservation"
+        return 0
+    end
+
+    __%[1]s_debug "This doesn't require order preservation"
+    return 1
+end
+
+
 # This function does two things:
 # - Obtain the completions and store them in the global __%[1]s_comp_results
 # - Return false if file completion should be performed
@ -99,17 +153,17 @@ function __%[1]s_prepare_completions
    # Start fresh
    set --erase __%[1]s_comp_results

-    set -l results (__%[1]s_perform_completion)
-    __%[1]s_debug "Completion results: $results"
+    __%[1]s_perform_completion_once
+    __%[1]s_debug "Completion results: $__%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result"

-    if test -z "$results"
+    if test -z "$__%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result"
        __%[1]s_debug "No completion, probably due to a failure"
        # Might as well do file completion, in case it helps
        return 1
    end

-    set -l directive (string sub --start 2 $results[-1])
-    set --global __%[1]s_comp_results $results[1..-2]
+    set -l directive (string sub --start 2 $__%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result[-1])
+    set --global __%[1]s_comp_results $__%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result[1..-2]

    __%[1]s_debug "Completions are: $__%[1]s_comp_results"
    __%[1]s_debug "Directive is: $directive"
@ -205,13 +259,17 @@ end
 # Remove any pre-existing completions for the program since we will be handling all of them.
 complete -c %[2]s -e

+# this will get called after the two calls below and clear the $__%[1]s_perform_completion_once_result global
+complete -c %[2]s -n '__%[1]s_clear_perform_completion_once_result'
 # The call to __%[1]s_prepare_completions will setup __%[1]s_comp_results
 # which provides the program's completion choices.
-complete -c %[2]s -n '__%[1]s_prepare_completions' -f -a '$__%[1]s_comp_results'
-
+# If this doesn't require order preservation, we don't use the -k flag
+complete -c %[2]s -n 'not __%[1]s_requires_order_preservation && __%[1]s_prepare_completions' -f -a '$__%[1]s_comp_results'
+# otherwise we use the -k flag
+complete -k -c %[2]s -n '__%[1]s_requires_order_preservation && __%[1]s_prepare_completions' -f -a '$__%[1]s_comp_results'
 `, nameForVar, name, compCmd,
 		ShellCompDirectiveError, ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace, ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp,
-		ShellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt, ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs, activeHelpEnvVar(name)))
+		ShellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt, ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs, ShellCompDirectiveKeepOrder, activeHelpEnvVar(name)))
 }

 // GenFishCompletion generates fish completion file and writes to the passed writer.
--- a/fish_completions.md
+++ b/fish_completions.md
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-## Generating Fish Completions For Your cobra.Command
-
-Please refer to [Shell Completions](shell_completions.md) for details.
-
--- a/fish_completions_test.go
+++ b/fish_completions_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -16,9 +16,10 @@ package cobra

 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 )

@ -98,12 +99,12 @@ func TestFishCompletionNoActiveHelp(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestGenFishCompletionFile(t *testing.T) {
-	err := os.Mkdir("./tmp", 0755)
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "cobra-test")
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err.Error())
+		t.Fatal(err.Error())
 	}

-	defer os.RemoveAll("./tmp")
+	defer os.Remove(tmpFile.Name())

 	rootCmd := &Command{Use: "root", Args: NoArgs, Run: emptyRun}
 	child := &Command{
@ -113,18 +114,18 @@ func TestGenFishCompletionFile(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(child)

-	assertNoErr(t, rootCmd.GenFishCompletionFile("./tmp/test", false))
+	assertNoErr(t, rootCmd.GenFishCompletionFile(tmpFile.Name(), false))
 }

 func TestFailGenFishCompletionFile(t *testing.T) {
-	err := os.Mkdir("./tmp", 0755)
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "cobra-test")
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err.Error())
+		t.Fatal(err.Error())
 	}

-	defer os.RemoveAll("./tmp")
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)

-	f, _ := os.OpenFile("./tmp/test", os.O_CREATE, 0400)
+	f, _ := os.OpenFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test"), os.O_CREATE, 0400)
 	defer f.Close()

 	rootCmd := &Command{Use: "root", Args: NoArgs, Run: emptyRun}
@ -135,18 +136,8 @@ func TestFailGenFishCompletionFile(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(child)

-	got := rootCmd.GenFishCompletionFile("./tmp/test", false)
-	if got == nil {
-		t.Error("should raise permission denied error")
-	}
-
-	if os.Getenv("MSYSTEM") == "MINGW64" {
-		if got.Error() != "open ./tmp/test: Access is denied." {
-			t.Errorf("got: %s, want: %s", got.Error(), "open ./tmp/test: Access is denied.")
-		}
-	} else {
-		if got.Error() != "open ./tmp/test: permission denied" {
-			t.Errorf("got: %s, want: %s", got.Error(), "open ./tmp/test: permission denied")
-		}
+	got := rootCmd.GenFishCompletionFile(f.Name(), false)
+	if !errors.Is(got, os.ErrPermission) {
+		t.Errorf("got: %s, want: %s", got.Error(), os.ErrPermission.Error())
 	}
 }
--- a/flag_groups.go
+++ b/flag_groups.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ import (
 )

 const (
-	requiredAsGroup   = "cobra_annotation_required_if_others_set"
-	mutuallyExclusive = "cobra_annotation_mutually_exclusive"
+	requiredAsGroupAnnotation   = "cobra_annotation_required_if_others_set"
+	oneRequiredAnnotation       = "cobra_annotation_one_required"
+	mutuallyExclusiveAnnotation = "cobra_annotation_mutually_exclusive"
 )

 // MarkFlagsRequiredTogether marks the given flags with annotations so that Cobra errors
@ -36,7 +37,23 @@ func (c *Command) MarkFlagsRequiredTogether(flagNames ...string) {
 		if f == nil {
 			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to find flag %q and mark it as being required in a flag group", v))
 		}
-		if err := c.Flags().SetAnnotation(v, requiredAsGroup, append(f.Annotations[requiredAsGroup], strings.Join(flagNames, " "))); err != nil {
+		if err := c.Flags().SetAnnotation(v, requiredAsGroupAnnotation, append(f.Annotations[requiredAsGroupAnnotation], strings.Join(flagNames, " "))); err != nil {
+			// Only errs if the flag isn't found.
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// MarkFlagsOneRequired marks the given flags with annotations so that Cobra errors
+// if the command is invoked without at least one flag from the given set of flags.
+func (c *Command) MarkFlagsOneRequired(flagNames ...string) {
+	c.mergePersistentFlags()
+	for _, v := range flagNames {
+		f := c.Flags().Lookup(v)
+		if f == nil {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to find flag %q and mark it as being in a one-required flag group", v))
+		}
+		if err := c.Flags().SetAnnotation(v, oneRequiredAnnotation, append(f.Annotations[oneRequiredAnnotation], strings.Join(flagNames, " "))); err != nil {
 			// Only errs if the flag isn't found.
 			panic(err)
 		}
@ -53,13 +70,13 @@ func (c *Command) MarkFlagsMutuallyExclusive(flagNames ...string) {
 			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to find flag %q and mark it as being in a mutually exclusive flag group", v))
 		}
 		// Each time this is called is a single new entry; this allows it to be a member of multiple groups if needed.
-		if err := c.Flags().SetAnnotation(v, mutuallyExclusive, append(f.Annotations[mutuallyExclusive], strings.Join(flagNames, " "))); err != nil {
+		if err := c.Flags().SetAnnotation(v, mutuallyExclusiveAnnotation, append(f.Annotations[mutuallyExclusiveAnnotation], strings.Join(flagNames, " "))); err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
 	}
 }

-// ValidateFlagGroups validates the mutuallyExclusive/requiredAsGroup logic and returns the
+// ValidateFlagGroups validates the mutuallyExclusive/oneRequired/requiredAsGroup logic and returns the
 // first error encountered.
 func (c *Command) ValidateFlagGroups() error {
 	if c.DisableFlagParsing {
@ -71,15 +88,20 @@ func (c *Command) ValidateFlagGroups() error {
 	// groupStatus format is the list of flags as a unique ID,
 	// then a map of each flag name and whether it is set or not.
 	groupStatus := map[string]map[string]bool{}
+	oneRequiredGroupStatus := map[string]map[string]bool{}
 	mutuallyExclusiveGroupStatus := map[string]map[string]bool{}
 	flags.VisitAll(func(pflag *flag.Flag) {
-		processFlagForGroupAnnotation(flags, pflag, requiredAsGroup, groupStatus)
-		processFlagForGroupAnnotation(flags, pflag, mutuallyExclusive, mutuallyExclusiveGroupStatus)
+		processFlagForGroupAnnotation(flags, pflag, requiredAsGroupAnnotation, groupStatus)
+		processFlagForGroupAnnotation(flags, pflag, oneRequiredAnnotation, oneRequiredGroupStatus)
+		processFlagForGroupAnnotation(flags, pflag, mutuallyExclusiveAnnotation, mutuallyExclusiveGroupStatus)
 	})

 	if err := validateRequiredFlagGroups(groupStatus); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if err := validateOneRequiredFlagGroups(oneRequiredGroupStatus); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := validateExclusiveFlagGroups(mutuallyExclusiveGroupStatus); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@ -108,7 +130,7 @@ func processFlagForGroupAnnotation(flags *flag.FlagSet, pflag *flag.Flag, annota
 					continue
 				}

-				groupStatus[group] = map[string]bool{}
+				groupStatus[group] = make(map[string]bool, len(flagnames))
 				for _, name := range flagnames {
 					groupStatus[group][name] = false
 				}
@ -142,6 +164,27 @@ func validateRequiredFlagGroups(data map[string]map[string]bool) error {
 	return nil
 }

+func validateOneRequiredFlagGroups(data map[string]map[string]bool) error {
+	keys := sortedKeys(data)
+	for _, flagList := range keys {
+		flagnameAndStatus := data[flagList]
+		var set []string
+		for flagname, isSet := range flagnameAndStatus {
+			if isSet {
+				set = append(set, flagname)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(set) >= 1 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Sort values, so they can be tested/scripted against consistently.
+		sort.Strings(set)
+		return fmt.Errorf("at least one of the flags in the group [%v] is required", flagList)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func validateExclusiveFlagGroups(data map[string]map[string]bool) error {
 	keys := sortedKeys(data)
 	for _, flagList := range keys {
@ -176,6 +219,7 @@ func sortedKeys(m map[string]map[string]bool) []string {

 // enforceFlagGroupsForCompletion will do the following:
 // - when a flag in a group is present, other flags in the group will be marked required
+// - when none of the flags in a one-required group are present, all flags in the group will be marked required
 // - when a flag in a mutually exclusive group is present, other flags in the group will be marked as hidden
 // This allows the standard completion logic to behave appropriately for flag groups
 func (c *Command) enforceFlagGroupsForCompletion() {
@ -185,10 +229,12 @@ func (c *Command) enforceFlagGroupsForCompletion() {

 	flags := c.Flags()
 	groupStatus := map[string]map[string]bool{}
+	oneRequiredGroupStatus := map[string]map[string]bool{}
 	mutuallyExclusiveGroupStatus := map[string]map[string]bool{}
 	c.Flags().VisitAll(func(pflag *flag.Flag) {
-		processFlagForGroupAnnotation(flags, pflag, requiredAsGroup, groupStatus)
-		processFlagForGroupAnnotation(flags, pflag, mutuallyExclusive, mutuallyExclusiveGroupStatus)
+		processFlagForGroupAnnotation(flags, pflag, requiredAsGroupAnnotation, groupStatus)
+		processFlagForGroupAnnotation(flags, pflag, oneRequiredAnnotation, oneRequiredGroupStatus)
+		processFlagForGroupAnnotation(flags, pflag, mutuallyExclusiveAnnotation, mutuallyExclusiveGroupStatus)
 	})

 	// If a flag that is part of a group is present, we make all the other flags
@ -204,6 +250,26 @@ func (c *Command) enforceFlagGroupsForCompletion() {
 		}
 	}

+	// If none of the flags of a one-required group are present, we make all the flags
+	// of that group required so that the shell completion suggests them automatically
+	for flagList, flagnameAndStatus := range oneRequiredGroupStatus {
+		isSet := false
+
+		for _, isSet = range flagnameAndStatus {
+			if isSet {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		// None of the flags of the group are set, mark all flags in the group
+		// as required
+		if !isSet {
+			for _, fName := range strings.Split(flagList, " ") {
+				_ = c.MarkFlagRequired(fName)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	// If a flag that is mutually exclusive to others is present, we hide the other
 	// flags of that group so the shell completion does not suggest them
 	for flagList, flagnameAndStatus := range mutuallyExclusiveGroupStatus {
--- a/flag_groups_test.go
+++ b/flag_groups_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -43,13 +43,15 @@ func TestValidateFlagGroups(t *testing.T) {

 	// Each test case uses a unique command from the function above.
 	testcases := []struct {
-		desc                      string
-		flagGroupsRequired        []string
-		flagGroupsExclusive       []string
-		subCmdFlagGroupsRequired  []string
-		subCmdFlagGroupsExclusive []string
-		args                      []string
-		expectErr                 string
+		desc                        string
+		flagGroupsRequired          []string
+		flagGroupsOneRequired       []string
+		flagGroupsExclusive         []string
+		subCmdFlagGroupsRequired    []string
+		subCmdFlagGroupsOneRequired []string
+		subCmdFlagGroupsExclusive   []string
+		args                        []string
+		expectErr                   string
 	}{
 		{
 			desc: "No flags no problem",
@ -62,6 +64,11 @@ func TestValidateFlagGroups(t *testing.T) {
 			flagGroupsRequired: []string{"a b c"},
 			args:               []string{"--a=foo"},
 			expectErr:          "if any flags in the group [a b c] are set they must all be set; missing [b c]",
+		}, {
+			desc:                  "One-required flag group not satisfied",
+			flagGroupsOneRequired: []string{"a b"},
+			args:                  []string{"--c=foo"},
+			expectErr:             "at least one of the flags in the group [a b] is required",
 		}, {
 			desc:                "Exclusive flag group not satisfied",
 			flagGroupsExclusive: []string{"a b c"},
@ -72,6 +79,11 @@ func TestValidateFlagGroups(t *testing.T) {
 			flagGroupsRequired: []string{"a b c", "a d"},
 			args:               []string{"--c=foo", "--d=foo"},
 			expectErr:          `if any flags in the group [a b c] are set they must all be set; missing [a b]`,
+		}, {
+			desc:                  "Multiple one-required flag group not satisfied returns first error",
+			flagGroupsOneRequired: []string{"a b", "d e"},
+			args:                  []string{"--c=foo", "--f=foo"},
+			expectErr:             `at least one of the flags in the group [a b] is required`,
 		}, {
 			desc:                "Multiple exclusive flag group not satisfied returns first error",
 			flagGroupsExclusive: []string{"a b c", "a d"},
@ -82,32 +94,57 @@ func TestValidateFlagGroups(t *testing.T) {
 			flagGroupsRequired: []string{"a d", "a b", "a c"},
 			args:               []string{"--a=foo"},
 			expectErr:          `if any flags in the group [a b] are set they must all be set; missing [b]`,
+		}, {
+			desc:                  "Validation of one-required groups occurs on groups in sorted order",
+			flagGroupsOneRequired: []string{"d e", "a b", "f g"},
+			args:                  []string{"--c=foo"},
+			expectErr:             `at least one of the flags in the group [a b] is required`,
 		}, {
 			desc:                "Validation of exclusive groups occurs on groups in sorted order",
 			flagGroupsExclusive: []string{"a d", "a b", "a c"},
 			args:                []string{"--a=foo", "--b=foo", "--c=foo"},
 			expectErr:           `if any flags in the group [a b] are set none of the others can be; [a b] were all set`,
 		}, {
-			desc:                "Persistent flags utilize both features and can fail required groups",
+			desc:                "Persistent flags utilize required and exclusive groups and can fail required groups",
 			flagGroupsRequired:  []string{"a e", "e f"},
 			flagGroupsExclusive: []string{"f g"},
 			args:                []string{"--a=foo", "--f=foo", "--g=foo"},
 			expectErr:           `if any flags in the group [a e] are set they must all be set; missing [e]`,
 		}, {
-			desc:                "Persistent flags utilize both features and can fail mutually exclusive groups",
+			desc:                  "Persistent flags utilize one-required and exclusive groups and can fail one-required groups",
+			flagGroupsOneRequired: []string{"a b", "e f"},
+			flagGroupsExclusive:   []string{"e f"},
+			args:                  []string{"--e=foo"},
+			expectErr:             `at least one of the flags in the group [a b] is required`,
+		}, {
+			desc:                "Persistent flags utilize required and exclusive groups and can fail mutually exclusive groups",
 			flagGroupsRequired:  []string{"a e", "e f"},
 			flagGroupsExclusive: []string{"f g"},
 			args:                []string{"--a=foo", "--e=foo", "--f=foo", "--g=foo"},
 			expectErr:           `if any flags in the group [f g] are set none of the others can be; [f g] were all set`,
 		}, {
-			desc:                "Persistent flags utilize both features and can pass",
+			desc:                "Persistent flags utilize required and exclusive groups and can pass",
 			flagGroupsRequired:  []string{"a e", "e f"},
 			flagGroupsExclusive: []string{"f g"},
 			args:                []string{"--a=foo", "--e=foo", "--f=foo"},
+		}, {
+			desc:                  "Persistent flags utilize one-required and exclusive groups and can pass",
+			flagGroupsOneRequired: []string{"a e", "e f"},
+			flagGroupsExclusive:   []string{"f g"},
+			args:                  []string{"--a=foo", "--e=foo", "--f=foo"},
 		}, {
 			desc:                     "Subcmds can use required groups using inherited flags",
 			subCmdFlagGroupsRequired: []string{"e subonly"},
 			args:                     []string{"subcmd", "--e=foo", "--subonly=foo"},
+		}, {
+			desc:                        "Subcmds can use one-required groups using inherited flags",
+			subCmdFlagGroupsOneRequired: []string{"e subonly"},
+			args:                        []string{"subcmd", "--e=foo", "--subonly=foo"},
+		}, {
+			desc:                        "Subcmds can use one-required groups using inherited flags and fail one-required groups",
+			subCmdFlagGroupsOneRequired: []string{"e subonly"},
+			args:                        []string{"subcmd"},
+			expectErr:                   "at least one of the flags in the group [e subonly] is required",
 		}, {
 			desc:                      "Subcmds can use exclusive groups using inherited flags",
 			subCmdFlagGroupsExclusive: []string{"e subonly"},
@ -130,12 +167,18 @@ func TestValidateFlagGroups(t *testing.T) {
 			for _, flagGroup := range tc.flagGroupsRequired {
 				c.MarkFlagsRequiredTogether(strings.Split(flagGroup, " ")...)
 			}
+			for _, flagGroup := range tc.flagGroupsOneRequired {
+				c.MarkFlagsOneRequired(strings.Split(flagGroup, " ")...)
+			}
 			for _, flagGroup := range tc.flagGroupsExclusive {
 				c.MarkFlagsMutuallyExclusive(strings.Split(flagGroup, " ")...)
 			}
 			for _, flagGroup := range tc.subCmdFlagGroupsRequired {
 				sub.MarkFlagsRequiredTogether(strings.Split(flagGroup, " ")...)
 			}
+			for _, flagGroup := range tc.subCmdFlagGroupsOneRequired {
+				sub.MarkFlagsOneRequired(strings.Split(flagGroup, " ")...)
+			}
 			for _, flagGroup := range tc.subCmdFlagGroupsExclusive {
 				sub.MarkFlagsMutuallyExclusive(strings.Split(flagGroup, " ")...)
 			}
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ module github.com/spf13/cobra
 go 1.15

 require (
-	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.2
-	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.1
+	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.4
+	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 )
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.2 h1:p1EgwI/C7NhT0JmVkwCD2ZBK8j4aeHQX2pMHHBfMQ6w=
-github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.2/go.mod h1:tgQtvFlXSQOSOSIRvRPT7W67SCa46tRHOmNcaadrF8o=
-github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.1 h1:U3uMjPSQEBMNp1lFxmllqCPM6P5u/Xq7Pgzkat/bFNc=
-github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.1/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
+github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.4 h1:wfIWP927BUkWJb2NmU/kNDYIBTh/ziUX91+lVfRxZq4=
+github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.4/go.mod h1:tgQtvFlXSQOSOSIRvRPT7W67SCa46tRHOmNcaadrF8o=
+github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 h1:wN+x4NVGpMsO7ErUn/mUI3vEoE6Jt13X2s0bqwp9tc8=
+github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 h1:JIOH55/0cWyOuilr9/qlrm0BSXldqnqwMsf35Ld67mk=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 h1:iy+VFUOCP1a+8yFto/drg2CJ5u0yRoB7fZw3DKv/JXA=
--- a/powershell_completions.go
+++ b/powershell_completions.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ import (
 func genPowerShellComp(buf io.StringWriter, name string, includeDesc bool) {
 	// Variables should not contain a '-' or ':' character
 	nameForVar := name
-	nameForVar = strings.Replace(nameForVar, "-", "_", -1)
-	nameForVar = strings.Replace(nameForVar, ":", "_", -1)
+	nameForVar = strings.ReplaceAll(nameForVar, "-", "_")
+	nameForVar = strings.ReplaceAll(nameForVar, ":", "_")

 	compCmd := ShellCompRequestCmd
 	if !includeDesc {
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ filter __%[1]s_escapeStringWithSpecialChars {
 `+"    $_ -replace '\\s|#|@|\\$|;|,|''|\\{|\\}|\\(|\\)|\"|`|\\||<|>|&','`$&'"+`
 }

-[scriptblock]$__%[2]sCompleterBlock = {
+[scriptblock]${__%[2]sCompleterBlock} = {
    param(
            $WordToComplete,
            $CommandAst,
@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ filter __%[1]s_escapeStringWithSpecialChars {
    $ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp=%[6]d
    $ShellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt=%[7]d
    $ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs=%[8]d
+    $ShellCompDirectiveKeepOrder=%[9]d

    # Prepare the command to request completions for the program.
    # Split the command at the first space to separate the program and arguments.
@ -106,13 +107,22 @@ filter __%[1]s_escapeStringWithSpecialChars {
        # If the last parameter is complete (there is a space following it)
        # We add an extra empty parameter so we can indicate this to the go method.
        __%[1]s_debug "Adding extra empty parameter"
-`+"        # We need to use `\"`\" to pass an empty argument a \"\" or '' does not work!!!"+`
-`+"        $RequestComp=\"$RequestComp\" + ' `\"`\"'"+`
+        # PowerShell 7.2+ changed the way how the arguments are passed to executables,
+        # so for pre-7.2 or when Legacy argument passing is enabled we need to use
+`+"        # `\"`\" to pass an empty argument, a \"\" or '' does not work!!!"+`
+        if ($PSVersionTable.PsVersion -lt [version]'7.2.0' -or
+            ($PSVersionTable.PsVersion -lt [version]'7.3.0' -and -not [ExperimentalFeature]::IsEnabled("PSNativeCommandArgumentPassing")) -or
+            (($PSVersionTable.PsVersion -ge [version]'7.3.0' -or [ExperimentalFeature]::IsEnabled("PSNativeCommandArgumentPassing")) -and
+              $PSNativeCommandArgumentPassing -eq 'Legacy')) {
+`+"             $RequestComp=\"$RequestComp\" + ' `\"`\"'"+`
+        } else {
+             $RequestComp="$RequestComp" + ' ""'
+        }
    }

    __%[1]s_debug "Calling $RequestComp"
    # First disable ActiveHelp which is not supported for Powershell
-    $env:%[9]s=0
+    ${env:%[10]s}=0

    #call the command store the output in $out and redirect stderr and stdout to null
    # $Out is an array contains each line per element
@ -137,7 +147,7 @@ filter __%[1]s_escapeStringWithSpecialChars {
    }

    $Longest = 0
-    $Values = $Out | ForEach-Object {
+    [Array]$Values = $Out | ForEach-Object {
        #Split the output in name and description
 `+"        $Name, $Description = $_.Split(\"`t\",2)"+`
        __%[1]s_debug "Name: $Name Description: $Description"
@ -182,6 +192,11 @@ filter __%[1]s_escapeStringWithSpecialChars {
        }
    }

+    # we sort the values in ascending order by name if keep order isn't passed
+    if (($Directive -band $ShellCompDirectiveKeepOrder) -eq 0 ) {
+        $Values = $Values | Sort-Object -Property Name
+    }
+
    if (($Directive -band $ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp) -ne 0 ) {
        __%[1]s_debug "ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp is called"

@ -264,10 +279,10 @@ filter __%[1]s_escapeStringWithSpecialChars {
    }
 }

-Register-ArgumentCompleter -CommandName '%[1]s' -ScriptBlock $__%[2]sCompleterBlock
+Register-ArgumentCompleter -CommandName '%[1]s' -ScriptBlock ${__%[2]sCompleterBlock}
 `, name, nameForVar, compCmd,
 		ShellCompDirectiveError, ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace, ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp,
-		ShellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt, ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs, activeHelpEnvVar(name)))
+		ShellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt, ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs, ShellCompDirectiveKeepOrder, activeHelpEnvVar(name)))
 }

 func (c *Command) genPowerShellCompletion(w io.Writer, includeDesc bool) error {
--- a/powershell_completions.md
+++ b/powershell_completions.md
@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Generating PowerShell Completions For Your Own cobra.Command
-
-Please refer to [Shell Completions](shell_completions.md#powershell-completions) for details.
--- a/powershell_completions_test.go
+++ b/powershell_completions_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -29,5 +29,5 @@ func TestPwshCompletionNoActiveHelp(t *testing.T) {

 	// check that active help is being disabled
 	activeHelpVar := activeHelpEnvVar(c.Name())
-	check(t, output, fmt.Sprintf("%s=0", activeHelpVar))
+	check(t, output, fmt.Sprintf("${env:%s}=0", activeHelpVar))
 }
--- a/shell_completions.go
+++ b/shell_completions.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/site/content/active_help.md
+++ b/site/content/active_help.md
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Allowing to configure Active Help is entirely optional; you can use Active Help

 The way to configure Active Help is to use the program's Active Help environment
 variable.  That variable is named `<PROGRAM>_ACTIVE_HELP` where `<PROGRAM>` is the name of your 
-program in uppercase with any `-` replaced by an `_`.  The variable should be set by the user to whatever
+program in uppercase with any non-ASCII-alphanumeric characters replaced by an `_`.  The variable should be set by the user to whatever
 Active Help configuration values are supported by the program.

 For example, say `helm` has chosen to support three levels for Active Help: `on`, `off`, `local`.  Then a user
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ details for your users.

 Debugging your Active Help code is done in the same way as debugging your dynamic completion code, which is with Cobra's hidden `__complete` command.  Please refer to [debugging shell completion](shell_completions.md#debugging) for details.

-When debugging with the `__complete` command, if you want to specify different Active Help configurations, you should use the active help environment variable.  That variable is named `<PROGRAM>_ACTIVE_HELP` where any `-` is replaced by an `_`.  For example, we can test deactivating some Active Help as shown below:
+When debugging with the `__complete` command, if you want to specify different Active Help configurations, you should use the active help environment variable.  That variable is named `<PROGRAM>_ACTIVE_HELP` where any non-ASCII-alphanumeric characters are replaced by an `_`.  For example, we can test deactivating some Active Help as shown below:
 ```
 $ HELM_ACTIVE_HELP=1 bin/helm __complete install wordpress bitnami/h<ENTER>
 bitnami/haproxy
--- a/site/content/completions/_index.md
+++ b/site/content/completions/_index.md
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ PowerShell:
 `,cmd.Root().Name()),
 	DisableFlagsInUseLine: true,
 	ValidArgs:             []string{"bash", "zsh", "fish", "powershell"},
-	Args:                  cobra.ExactValidArgs(1),
+	Args:                  cobra.MatchAll(cobra.ExactArgs(1), cobra.OnlyValidArgs),
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		switch args[0] {
 		case "bash":
@ -162,16 +162,7 @@ cmd := &cobra.Command{
 }
 ```

-The aliases are not shown to the user on tab completion, but they are accepted as valid nouns by
-the completion algorithm if entered manually, e.g. in:
-
-```bash
-$ kubectl get rc [tab][tab]
-backend        frontend       database
-```
-
-Note that without declaring `rc` as an alias, the completion algorithm would not know to show the list of
-replication controllers following `rc`.
+The aliases are shown to the user on tab completion only if no completions were found within sub-commands or `ValidArgs`.

 ### Dynamic completion of nouns

@ -237,6 +228,10 @@ ShellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt
 //    return []string{"themes"}, ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs
 //
 ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs
+
+// ShellCompDirectiveKeepOrder indicates that the shell should preserve the order
+// in which the completions are provided
+ShellCompDirectiveKeepOrder
 ```

 ***Note***: When using the `ValidArgsFunction`, Cobra will call your registered function after having parsed all flags and arguments provided in the command-line.  You therefore don't need to do this parsing yourself.  For example, when a user calls `helm status --namespace my-rook-ns [tab][tab]`, Cobra will call your registered `ValidArgsFunction` after having parsed the `--namespace` flag, as it would have done when calling the `RunE` function.
@ -385,6 +380,22 @@ or
 ```go
 ValidArgs: []string{"bash\tCompletions for bash", "zsh\tCompletions for zsh"}
 ```
+
+If you don't want to show descriptions in the completions, you can add `--no-descriptions` to the default `completion` command to disable them, like:
+
+```bash
+$ source <(helm completion bash)
+$ helm completion [tab][tab]
+bash        (generate autocompletion script for bash)        powershell  (generate autocompletion script for powershell)
+fish        (generate autocompletion script for fish)        zsh         (generate autocompletion script for zsh)
+
+$ source <(helm completion bash --no-descriptions)
+$ helm completion [tab][tab]
+bash        fish        powershell  zsh
+```
+
+Setting the `<PROGRAM>_COMPLETION_DESCRIPTIONS` environment variable (falling back to `COBRA_COMPLETION_DESCRIPTIONS` if empty or not set) to a [falsey value](https://pkg.go.dev/strconv#ParseBool) achieves the same. `<PROGRAM>` is the name of your program with all non-ASCII-alphanumeric characters replaced by `_`.
+
 ## Bash completions

 ### Dependencies
@ -408,7 +419,7 @@ completion     firstcommand   secondcommand
 ### Bash legacy dynamic completions

 For backward compatibility, Cobra still supports its bash legacy dynamic completion solution.
-Please refer to [Bash Completions](bash_completions.md) for details.
+Please refer to [Bash Completions](bash.md) for details.

 ### Bash completion V2

@ -417,13 +428,13 @@ Cobra provides two versions for bash completion.  The original bash completion (

 A new V2 bash completion version is also available.  This version can be used by calling `GenBashCompletionV2()` or
 `GenBashCompletionFileV2()`.  The V2 version does **not** support the legacy dynamic completion
-(see [Bash Completions](bash_completions.md)) but instead works only with the Go dynamic completion
+(see [Bash Completions](bash.md)) but instead works only with the Go dynamic completion
 solution described in this document.
 Unless your program already uses the legacy dynamic completion solution, it is recommended that you use the bash
 completion V2 solution which provides the following extra features:
 - Supports completion descriptions (like the other shells)
 - Small completion script of less than 300 lines (v1 generates scripts of thousands of lines; `kubectl` for example has a bash v1 completion script of over 13K lines)
- Streamlined user experience thanks to a completion behavior aligned with the other shells 
+- Streamlined user experience thanks to a completion behavior aligned with the other shells

 `Bash` completion V2 supports descriptions for completions. When calling `GenBashCompletionV2()` or `GenBashCompletionFileV2()`
 you must provide these functions with a parameter indicating if the completions should be annotated with a description; Cobra
@ -440,7 +451,7 @@ show    (show information of a chart)
 $ helm s[tab][tab]
 search  show  status
 ```
-**Note**: Cobra's default `completion` command uses bash completion V2.  If for some reason you need to use bash completion V1, you will need to implement your own `completion` command. 
+**Note**: Cobra's default `completion` command uses bash completion V2.  If for some reason you need to use bash completion V1, you will need to implement your own `completion` command.
 ## Zsh completions

 Cobra supports native zsh completion generated from the root `cobra.Command`.
@ -474,7 +485,7 @@ search  show  status
 ### Zsh completions standardization

 Cobra 1.1 standardized its zsh completion support to align it with its other shell completions.  Although the API was kept backward-compatible, some small changes in behavior were introduced.
-Please refer to [Zsh Completions](zsh_completions.md) for details.
+Please refer to [Zsh Completions](zsh.md) for details.

 ## fish completions

@ -527,7 +538,7 @@ search  (search for a keyword in charts)  show  (show information of a chart)  s

 # With descriptions and Mode 'MenuComplete' The description of the current selected value will be displayed below the suggestions.
 $ helm s[tab]
-search    show     status  
+search    show     status

 search for a keyword in charts

--- a/site/content/completions/bash.md
+++ b/site/content/completions/bash.md
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Generating Bash Completions For Your cobra.Command

-Please refer to [Shell Completions](shell_completions.md) for details.
+Please refer to [Shell Completions](_index.md) for details.

 ## Bash legacy dynamic completions

--- a/site/content/completions/fish.md
+++ b/site/content/completions/fish.md
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+## Generating Fish Completions For Your cobra.Command
+
+Please refer to [Shell Completions](_index.md) for details.
+
--- a/site/content/completions/powershell.md
+++ b/site/content/completions/powershell.md
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Generating PowerShell Completions For Your Own cobra.Command
+
+Please refer to [Shell Completions](_index.md#powershell-completions) for details.
--- a/site/content/completions/zsh.md
+++ b/site/content/completions/zsh.md
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ## Generating Zsh Completion For Your cobra.Command

-Please refer to [Shell Completions](shell_completions.md) for details.
+Please refer to [Shell Completions](_index.md) for details.

 ## Zsh completions standardization

--- a/site/content/docgen/_index.md
+++ b/site/content/docgen/_index.md
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # Documentation generation

- [Man page docs](./man_docs.md)
- [Markdown docs](./md_docs.md)
- [Rest docs](./rest_docs.md)
- [Yaml docs](./yaml_docs.md)
+- [Man page docs](man.md)
+- [Markdown docs](md.md)
+- [Rest docs](rest.md)
+- [Yaml docs](yaml.md)

 ## Options
 ### `DisableAutoGenTag`
--- a/site/content/docgen/man.md
+++ b/site/content/docgen/man.md
--- a/site/content/docgen/md.md
+++ b/site/content/docgen/md.md
--- a/site/content/docgen/rest.md
+++ b/site/content/docgen/rest.md
--- a/site/content/docgen/yaml.md
+++ b/site/content/docgen/yaml.md
--- a/site/content/projects_using_cobra.md
+++ b/site/content/projects_using_cobra.md
@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 ## Projects using Cobra

 - [Allero](https://github.com/allero-io/allero)
+- [Arewefastyet](https://benchmark.vitess.io)
 - [Arduino CLI](https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli)
 - [Bleve](https://blevesearch.com/)
 - [Cilium](https://cilium.io/)
 - [CloudQuery](https://github.com/cloudquery/cloudquery)
 - [CockroachDB](https://www.cockroachlabs.com/)
+- [Constellation](https://github.com/edgelesssys/constellation)
 - [Cosmos SDK](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk)
 - [Datree](https://github.com/datreeio/datree)
 - [Delve](https://github.com/derekparker/delve)
 - [Docker (distribution)](https://github.com/docker/distribution)
+- [Encore](https://encore.dev)
 - [Etcd](https://etcd.io/)
 - [Gardener](https://github.com/gardener/gardenctl)
 - [Giant Swarm's gsctl](https://github.com/giantswarm/gsctl)
@ -21,13 +24,15 @@
 - [GoReleaser](https://goreleaser.com)
 - [Helm](https://helm.sh)
 - [Hugo](https://gohugo.io)
+- [Incus](https://linuxcontainers.org/incus/)
 - [Infracost](https://github.com/infracost/infracost)
 - [Istio](https://istio.io)
 - [Kool](https://github.com/kool-dev/kool)
 - [Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io/)
- [Kubescape](https://github.com/armosec/kubescape)
+- [Kubescape](https://github.com/kubescape/kubescape)
 - [KubeVirt](https://github.com/kubevirt/kubevirt)
 - [Linkerd](https://linkerd.io/)
+- [LXC](https://github.com/canonical/lxd)
 - [Mattermost-server](https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server)
 - [Mercure](https://mercure.rocks/)
 - [Meroxa CLI](https://github.com/meroxa/cli)
@ -51,10 +56,14 @@
 - [Random](https://github.com/erdaltsksn/random)
 - [Rclone](https://rclone.org/)
 - [Scaleway CLI](https://github.com/scaleway/scaleway-cli)
+- [Sia](https://github.com/SiaFoundation/siad)
 - [Skaffold](https://skaffold.dev/)
+- [Taikun](https://taikun.cloud/)
 - [Tendermint](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint)
 - [Twitch CLI](https://github.com/twitchdev/twitch-cli)
 - [UpCloud CLI (`upctl`)](https://github.com/UpCloudLtd/upcloud-cli)
+- [Vitess](https://vitess.io)
 - VMware's [Tanzu Community Edition](https://github.com/vmware-tanzu/community-edition) & [Tanzu Framework](https://github.com/vmware-tanzu/tanzu-framework)
 - [Werf](https://werf.io/)
+- [Zarf](https://github.com/defenseunicorns/zarf)
 - [ZITADEL](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel)
--- a/site/content/user_guide.md
+++ b/site/content/user_guide.md
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 While you are welcome to provide your own organization, typically a Cobra-based
 application will follow the following organizational structure:

-```
+```test
  ▾ appName/
    ▾ cmd/
        add.go
@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ func main() {

 ## Using the Cobra Generator

-Cobra-CLI is its own program that will create your application and add any
-commands you want. It's the easiest way to incorporate Cobra into your application.
+Cobra-CLI is its own program that will create your application and add any commands you want.
+It's the easiest way to incorporate Cobra into your application.

 For complete details on using the Cobra generator, please refer to [The Cobra-CLI Generator README](https://github.com/spf13/cobra-cli/blob/main/README.md)

@ -188,6 +188,37 @@ var versionCmd = &cobra.Command{
 }
 ```

+### Organizing subcommands
+
+A command may have subcommands which in turn may have other subcommands. This is achieved by using
+`AddCommand`. In some cases, especially in larger applications, each subcommand may be defined in
+its own go package.
+
+The suggested approach is for the parent command to use `AddCommand` to add its most immediate
+subcommands. For example, consider the following directory structure:
+
+```text
+├── cmd
+│   ├── root.go
+│   └── sub1
+│       ├── sub1.go
+│       └── sub2
+│           ├── leafA.go
+│           ├── leafB.go
+│           └── sub2.go
+└── main.go
+```
+
+In this case:
+
+* The `init` function of `root.go` adds the command defined in `sub1.go` to the root command.
+* The `init` function of `sub1.go` adds the command defined in `sub2.go` to the sub1 command.
+* The `init` function of `sub2.go` adds the commands defined in `leafA.go` and `leafB.go` to the
+  sub2 command.
+
+This approach ensures the subcommands are always included at compile time while avoiding cyclic
+references.
+
 ### Returning and handling errors

 If you wish to return an error to the caller of a command, `RunE` can be used.
@ -270,6 +301,7 @@ command := cobra.Command{
 ### Bind Flags with Config

 You can also bind your flags with [viper](https://github.com/spf13/viper):
+
 ```go
 var author string

@ -289,12 +321,14 @@ More in [viper documentation](https://github.com/spf13/viper#working-with-flags)

 Flags are optional by default. If instead you wish your command to report an error
 when a flag has not been set, mark it as required:
+
 ```go
 rootCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&Region, "region", "r", "", "AWS region (required)")
 rootCmd.MarkFlagRequired("region")
 ```

 Or, for persistent flags:
+
 ```go
 rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&Region, "region", "r", "", "AWS region (required)")
 rootCmd.MarkPersistentFlagRequired("region")
@ -304,6 +338,7 @@ rootCmd.MarkPersistentFlagRequired("region")

 If you have different flags that must be provided together (e.g. if they provide the `--username` flag they MUST provide the `--password` flag as well) then
 Cobra can enforce that requirement:
+
 ```go
 rootCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&u, "username", "u", "", "Username (required if password is set)")
 rootCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&pw, "password", "p", "", "Password (required if username is set)")
@ -312,13 +347,24 @@ rootCmd.MarkFlagsRequiredTogether("username", "password")

 You can also prevent different flags from being provided together if they represent mutually
 exclusive options such as specifying an output format as either `--json` or `--yaml` but never both:
+
 ```go
-rootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&u, "json", false, "Output in JSON")
-rootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&pw, "yaml", false, "Output in YAML")
+rootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&ofJson, "json", false, "Output in JSON")
+rootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&ofYaml, "yaml", false, "Output in YAML")
 rootCmd.MarkFlagsMutuallyExclusive("json", "yaml")
 ```

-In both of these cases:
+If you want to require at least one flag from a group to be present, you can use `MarkFlagsOneRequired`.
+This can be combined with `MarkFlagsMutuallyExclusive` to enforce exactly one flag from a given group:
+
+```go
+rootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&ofJson, "json", false, "Output in JSON")
+rootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&ofYaml, "yaml", false, "Output in YAML")
+rootCmd.MarkFlagsOneRequired("json", "yaml")
+rootCmd.MarkFlagsMutuallyExclusive("json", "yaml")
+```
+
+In these cases:
  - both local and persistent flags can be used
    - **NOTE:** the group is only enforced on commands where every flag is defined
  - a flag may appear in multiple groups
@ -349,7 +395,7 @@ shown below:
 ```go
 var cmd = &cobra.Command{
  Short: "hello",
-  Args: MatchAll(ExactArgs(2), OnlyValidArgs),
+  Args: cobra.MatchAll(cobra.ExactArgs(2), cobra.OnlyValidArgs),
  Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
    fmt.Println("Hello, World!")
  },
@ -388,7 +434,7 @@ by not providing a 'Run' for the 'rootCmd'.

 We have only defined one flag for a single command.

-More documentation about flags is available at https://github.com/spf13/pflag
+More documentation about flags is available at https://github.com/spf13/pflag.

 ```go
 package main
@ -492,10 +538,11 @@ around it. In fact, you can provide your own if you want.

 ### Grouping commands in help

-Cobra supports grouping of available commands. Groups must be explicitly defined by `AddGroup` and set by
-the `GroupId` element of a subcommand. The groups will appear in the same order as they are defined.
-If you use the generated `help` or `completion` commands, you can set the group ids by `SetHelpCommandGroupId`
-and `SetCompletionCommandGroupId`, respectively.
+Cobra supports grouping of available commands in the help output.  To group commands, each group must be explicitly
+defined using `AddGroup()` on the parent command.  Then a subcommand can be added to a group using the `GroupID` element
+of that subcommand. The groups will appear in the help output in the same order as they are defined using different
+calls to `AddGroup()`.  If you use the generated `help` or `completion` commands, you can set their group ids using
+`SetHelpCommandGroupId()` and `SetCompletionCommandGroupId()` on the root command, respectively.

 ### Defining your own help

@ -555,9 +602,15 @@ Running an application with the '--version' flag will print the version to stdou
 the version template. The template can be customized using the
 `cmd.SetVersionTemplate(s string)` function.

+## Error Message Prefix
+
+Cobra prints an error message when receiving a non-nil error value.
+The default error message is `Error: <error contents>`.
+The Prefix, `Error:` can be customized using the `cmd.SetErrPrefix(s string)` function.
+
 ## PreRun and PostRun Hooks

-It is possible to run functions before or after the main `Run` function of your command. The `PersistentPreRun` and `PreRun` functions will be executed before `Run`. `PersistentPostRun` and `PostRun` will be executed after `Run`.  The `Persistent*Run` functions will be inherited by children if they do not declare their own.  These functions are run in the following order:
+It is possible to run functions before or after the main `Run` function of your command. The `PersistentPreRun` and `PreRun` functions will be executed before `Run`. `PersistentPostRun` and `PostRun` will be executed after `Run`.  The `Persistent*Run` functions will be inherited by children if they do not declare their own.  The `*PreRun` and `*PostRun` functions will only be executed if the `Run` function of the current command has been declared.  These functions are run in the following order:

 - `PersistentPreRun`
 - `PreRun`
@ -640,6 +693,10 @@ Inside subCmd PostRun with args: [arg1 arg2]
 Inside subCmd PersistentPostRun with args: [arg1 arg2]
 ```

+By default, only the first persistent hook found in the command chain is executed.
+That is why in the above output, the `rootCmd PersistentPostRun` was not called for a child command.
+Set `EnableTraverseRunHooks` global variable to `true` if you want to execute all parents' persistent hooks.
+
 ## Suggestions when "unknown command" happens

 Cobra will print automatic suggestions when "unknown command" errors happen. This allows Cobra to behave similarly to the `git` command when a typo happens. For example:
@ -671,7 +728,7 @@ command.SuggestionsMinimumDistance = 1
 You can also explicitly set names for which a given command will be suggested using the `SuggestFor` attribute. This allows suggestions for strings that are not close in terms of string distance, but make sense in your set of commands but for which
 you don't want aliases. Example:

-```
+```bash
 $ kubectl remove
 Error: unknown command "remove" for "kubectl"

@ -683,12 +740,71 @@ Run 'kubectl help' for usage.

 ## Generating documentation for your command

-Cobra can generate documentation based on subcommands, flags, etc. Read more about it in the [docs generation documentation](doc/README.md).
+Cobra can generate documentation based on subcommands, flags, etc.
+Read more about it in the [docs generation documentation](docgen/_index.md).

 ## Generating shell completions

-Cobra can generate a shell-completion file for the following shells: bash, zsh, fish, PowerShell. If you add more information to your commands, these completions can be amazingly powerful and flexible.  Read more about it in [Shell Completions](shell_completions.md).
+Cobra can generate a shell-completion file for the following shells: bash, zsh, fish, PowerShell.
+If you add more information to your commands, these completions can be amazingly powerful and flexible.
+Read more about it in [Shell Completions](completions/_index.md).

 ## Providing Active Help

-Cobra makes use of the shell-completion system to define a framework allowing you to provide Active Help to your users.  Active Help are messages (hints, warnings, etc) printed as the program is being used.  Read more about it in [Active Help](active_help.md).
+Cobra makes use of the shell-completion system to define a framework allowing you to provide Active Help to your users.
+Active Help are messages (hints, warnings, etc) printed as the program is being used.
+Read more about it in [Active Help](active_help.md).
+
+## Creating a plugin
+
+When creating a plugin for tools like *kubectl*, the executable is named
+`kubectl-myplugin`, but it is used as `kubectl myplugin`. To fix help
+messages and completions, annotate the root command with the
+`cobra.CommandDisplayNameAnnotation` annotation.
+
+### Example kubectl plugin
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	rootCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use: "kubectl-myplugin",
+		Annotations: map[string]string{
+			cobra.CommandDisplayNameAnnotation: "kubectl myplugin",
+		},
+	}
+	subCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use: "subcmd",
+		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+			fmt.Println("kubectl myplugin subcmd")
+		},
+	}
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(subCmd)
+	rootCmd.Execute()
+}
+```
+
+Example run as a kubectl plugin:
+
+```bash
+$ kubectl myplugin
+Usage:
+  kubectl myplugin [command]
+
+Available Commands:
+  completion  Generate the autocompletion script for the specified shell
+  help        Help about any command
+  subcmd
+
+Flags:
+  -h, --help   help for kubectl myplugin
+
+Use "kubectl myplugin [command] --help" for more information about a command.
+```
--- a/zsh_completions.go
+++ b/zsh_completions.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ func genZshComp(buf io.StringWriter, name string, includeDesc bool) {
 		compCmd = ShellCompNoDescRequestCmd
 	}
 	WriteStringAndCheck(buf, fmt.Sprintf(`#compdef %[1]s
+compdef _%[1]s %[1]s

 # zsh completion for %-36[1]s -*- shell-script -*-

@ -108,8 +109,9 @@ _%[1]s()
    local shellCompDirectiveNoFileComp=%[5]d
    local shellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt=%[6]d
    local shellCompDirectiveFilterDirs=%[7]d
+    local shellCompDirectiveKeepOrder=%[8]d

-    local lastParam lastChar flagPrefix requestComp out directive comp lastComp noSpace
+    local lastParam lastChar flagPrefix requestComp out directive comp lastComp noSpace keepOrder
    local -a completions

    __%[1]s_debug "\n========= starting completion logic =========="
@ -177,7 +179,7 @@ _%[1]s()
        return
    fi

-    local activeHelpMarker="%[8]s"
+    local activeHelpMarker="%[9]s"
    local endIndex=${#activeHelpMarker}
    local startIndex=$((${#activeHelpMarker}+1))
    local hasActiveHelp=0
@ -227,6 +229,11 @@ _%[1]s()
        noSpace="-S ''"
    fi

+    if [ $((directive & shellCompDirectiveKeepOrder)) -ne 0 ]; then
+        __%[1]s_debug "Activating keep order."
+        keepOrder="-V"
+    fi
+
    if [ $((directive & shellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt)) -ne 0 ]; then
        # File extension filtering
        local filteringCmd
@ -262,7 +269,7 @@ _%[1]s()
        return $result
    else
        __%[1]s_debug "Calling _describe"
-        if eval _describe "completions" completions $flagPrefix $noSpace; then
+        if eval _describe $keepOrder "completions" completions $flagPrefix $noSpace; then
            __%[1]s_debug "_describe found some completions"

            # Return the success of having called _describe
@ -296,6 +303,6 @@ if [ "$funcstack[1]" = "_%[1]s" ]; then
 fi
 `, name, compCmd,
 		ShellCompDirectiveError, ShellCompDirectiveNoSpace, ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp,
-		ShellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt, ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs,
+		ShellCompDirectiveFilterFileExt, ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs, ShellCompDirectiveKeepOrder,
 		activeHelpMarker))
 }
--- a/zsh_completions_test.go
+++ b/zsh_completions_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013-2022 The Cobra Authors
+// Copyright 2013-2023 The Cobra Authors
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.