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Introduction to Openstack Compute#

Introduction to Openstack Compute (Nova)#

Explanation of Nova and its role in the Openstack ecosystem#

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Nova Architecture and Components#

Nova consists of the following components:

  • Nova API: The Nova API receives and responds to incoming API requests for VM management, such as create, delete, and start/stop operations.
  • Nova Scheduler: The Nova scheduler is responsible for placing new instances on hosts according to the available resources and configured policies.
  • Nova Conductor: The Nova conductor is a service that acts as a intermediary between the Nova API and the other Nova services.
  • Nova Compute: The Nova compute service is responsible for creating, starting, and terminating instances on the hypervisors.

How Nova is responsible for managing and provisionning virtual machines#

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Use Cases and Scenarios for Nova#

Nova can be used in many scenarios to provide infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS)

  • In private clouds to provide a self-service infrastructure to internal users
  • In public clouds to provide a multi-tenant infrastructure to external users
  • As a stand-alone virtualization solution, supplementing existing virtualization environments

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)#

  • Nova can be used to provide IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
  • IaaS allows customers to rent virtualized computing resources (e.g. CPU, memory, storage, network) on-demand, over the internet
  • This provides customers with the ability to run their own operating systems and applications on the rented resources, without the need to invest in and maintain physical infrastructure

Platform as a Service (PaaS)#

  • Nova can be used to provide PaaS (Platform as a Service)
  • PaaS allows customers to rent a platform to run their own applications on, without the need to manage the underlying infrastructure
  • This provides customers with the ability to focus on their application development, while the provider handles the underlying infrastructure

Private and Public Clouds#

  • Nova can be used to build both private and public clouds
  • A private cloud is a cloud infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, typically by that organization or by a third party, and only members of that organization are allowed to use it
  • A public cloud is a cloud infrastructure operated for the benefit of the general public, by a commercial organization, such as Amazon Web Services or Microsoft Azure

Augmenting Existing Virtualization Solutions#

  • Nova can be used to augment existing virtualization solutions
  • For example, organizations that already have VMware or Hyper-V can use Nova to provision and manage virtual machines on top of their existing virtualization infrastructure

Setting up Nova in OpenStack#

Installing Nova#

To install Nova, you need to have a working OpenStack environment. The installation process for Nova is typically included as part of the OpenStack installation process

Configuring Nova#

To configure Nova, you need to modify the /etc/nova/nova.conf file. The following are common options that you will need to configure:

  • compute_driver: The driver that Nova will use to interact with the hypervisors
  • auth_strategy: The authentication strategy to use (e.g. keystone)
  • my_ip: The IP address of the Nova API server
  • network_api_class: The networking API class to use (e.g. nova.network.neutronv2.api.API)
  • glance_api_servers: The Glance API servers to use
  • transport_url: The messaging transport URL

Integrating Nova with other OpenStack services#

Nova requires integration with other OpenStack services to function properly: - Keystone for authentication - Neutron for networking - Cinder and Glance for storage

You can check the detail of the configurations and the instruction of integration in the OpenStack documentation


Using the Nova CLI and Dashboard#

Nova Command-line client (CLI)#

The Nova command-line client (CLI) is a powerful tool for managing your OpenStack cloud. The nova command-line client is installed as part of the python-novaclient package.

Common Nova commands: - nova list: List all instances on the cloud - nova show : Show details of a specific instance - nova delete : Delete a specific instance - nova boot --flavor --image : Create and boot a new instance

Nova Dashboard#

The Nova Dashboard, also known as Horizon, provides a web-based user interface for OpenStack cloud administrators and users.

You can use the Nova Dashboard to perform the same actions that you can with the Nova CLI, such as: - Creating and managing instances - Creating and managing flavors

Use Cases and Scenarios for Nova#

  • Explanation of typical use cases for Nova such as infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS)
  • Discussion of common scenarios where Nova can be used, such as in private and public clouds, as well as how it can be used to augment existing virtualization solutions

Setting up Nova in OpenStack#

  • Overview of the process for installing and configuring Nova
  • Explanation of how Nova integrates with other Openstack components like Keystone for authentication, Neutron for networking, and Cinder and Glance for storage

Using the Nova CLI and Dashboard#

  • Overview of the Nova command-line client (CLI) and its usage
  • Demonstration of how to use the Nova CLI to manage virtual machines
  • Overview of the Nova dashboard and its usage

Lab: Setting up a test OpenStack environment with Nova#

  • Students will work on a lab to set up a test OpenStack environment with Nova
  • Students will practice using the Nova CLI and dashboard to manage virtual machines

Quiz#

  • A quiz will be held to evaluate student's understanding of the module content and their ability to apply the knowledge to real-world scenarios