This patch adds the `MergeConfig` and `MergeInConfig` functions to
enable reading new configuration files via a merge strategy rather
than replace. For example, take the following as the base YAML for a
configuration:
hello:
pop: 37890
world:
- us
- uk
- fr
- de
Now imagine we want to read the following, new configuration data:
hello:
pop: 45000
universe:
- mw
- ad
fu: bar
Using the standard `ReadConfig` function the value returned by the
nested key `hello.world` would no longer be present after the second
configuration is read. This is because the `ReadConfig` function and
its relatives replace nested structures entirely.
The new `MergeConfig` function would produce the following config
after the second YAML snippet was merged with the first:
hello:
pop: 45000
world:
- us
- uk
- fr
- de
universe:
- mw
- ad
fu: bar
Examples showing how this works can be found in the two unit tests
named `TestMergeConfig` and `TestMergeConfigNoMerge`.
This patch alters the way flags are handled to coincide with the
documentation on the Viper README. The documentation indicated that flag
bindings were late, when in fact they were very, very early. This patch
changes flag bindings to behave as late bindings.
This patch adds a feature, if enabled, will infer a value's type from
its default value no matter from where else the value is set. This is
particularly important when working with environment variables. For
example:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"github.com/spf13/viper"
)
func print(name string, val interface{}) {
fmt.Printf("%-15[1]s%-15[2]T%[2]v\n", name, val)
}
func main() {
viper.BindEnv("mykey", "MYPREFIX_MYKEY")
viper.SetDefault("mykey", []string{})
os.Setenv("MYPREFIX_MYKEY", "a b c")
v1 := viper.GetStringSlice("mykey")
v2 := viper.Get("mykey")
print("v1", v1)
print("v2", v2)
}
When this program is executed the following is emitted:
[0]akutz@pax:ex$ ./ex1
v1 []string [a b c]
v2 string a b c
[0]akutz@pax:ex$
You may wonder, why is this important? Just use the GetStringSlice
function. Well, it *becomes* important when dealing with marshaling.
If we update the above program to this:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"github.com/spf13/viper"
)
type Data struct {
MyKey []string
}
func print(name string, val interface{}) {
fmt.Printf("%-15[1]s%-15[2]T%[2]v\n", name, val)
}
func main() {
viper.BindEnv("mykey", "MYPREFIX_MYKEY")
viper.SetDefault("mykey", []string{})
os.Setenv("MYPREFIX_MYKEY", "a b c")
v1 := viper.GetStringSlice("mykey")
v2 := viper.Get("mykey")
print("v1", v1)
print("v2", v2)
d := &Data{}
viper.Marshal(d)
print("d.MyKey", d.MyKey)
}
Now we can see the issue when we execute the updated program:
[0]akutz@pax:ex$ ./ex2
v1 []string [a b c]
v2 string a b c
d.MyKey []string []
[0]akutz@pax:ex$
The marshalled data structure's field MyKey is empty when in fact it
should have a string slice equal to, in value, []string {"a", "b",
"c"}.
The problem is that viper's Marshal function calls AllSettings which
ultimately uses the Get function. The Get function does try to infer
the value's type, but it does so using the type of the value retrieved
using this logic:
Get has the behavior of returning the value associated with the
first place from where it is set. Viper will check in the
following order:
* override
* flag
* env
* config file
* key/value store
* default
While the above order is the one we want when retrieving the values,
this patch enables users to decide if it's the order they want to be
used when inferring a value's type. To that end the function
SetTypeByDefaultValue is introduced. When SetTypeByDefaultValue(true)
is called, a call to the Get function will now first check a key's
default value, if set, when inferring a value's type. This is
demonstrated using a modified version of the same program above:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"github.com/spf13/viper"
)
type Data struct {
MyKey []string
}
func print(name string, val interface{}) {
fmt.Printf("%-15[1]s%-15[2]T%[2]v\n", name, val)
}
func main() {
viper.BindEnv("mykey", "MYPREFIX_MYKEY")
viper.SetDefault("mykey", []string{})
os.Setenv("MYPREFIX_MYKEY", "a b c")
v1 := viper.GetStringSlice("mykey")
v2 := viper.Get("mykey")
print("v1", v1)
print("v2", v2)
d1 := &Data{}
viper.Marshal(d1)
print("d1.MyKey", d1.MyKey)
viper.SetTypeByDefaultValue(true)
d2 := &Data{}
viper.Marshal(d2)
print("d2.MyKey", d2.MyKey)
}
Now the following is emitted:
[0]akutz@pax:ex$ ./ex3
v1 []string [a b c]
v2 string a b c
d1.MyKey []string []
d2.MyKey []string [a b c]
[0]akutz@pax:ex$
This reverts commit 8d9577a72e.
The commit is reasonable enough, but this is a major breaking change for Hugo.
We have to figure out how to handle this before we introduce this one.
See https://github.com/spf13/hugo/issues/1129
